Dry Eye Disease

Abstract

Dry eye disease is a chronic condition of the corneal surface marked by persistent symptoms of irritation or burning that can cause inflammatory damage to the cornea and conjunctiva if untreated. Common risk factors for this syndrome include advancing age, female sex, low humidity environments, systemic medications, and autoimmune disorders. Treatments to relieve symptoms include tear replacement, humidification, improved nutrition, and anti-inflammatory ocular agents. Home healthcare nurses can identify signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome and initiate strategies that range from warm compresses to physician referrals for more aggressive treatment. Consistent management of this condition improves quality of life and minimizes damage to the ocular surface.

Dry Eyes, Ocular Lubricants, and Use of Systemic Medications Known or Suspected to Cause Dry Eyes in Residents of Aged Care Services

“…It is a method of weighting comorbidities to give a single comorbidity score for each individual based on their relative risk of mortality [15]. Presence or history of an ophthalmic condition can influence the prevalence of dry eyes [16,17]. Ophthalmic conditions included presence or history of glaucoma, use of glaucoma eye drops, cataracts, macular degeneration, and other ophthalmic conditions, including surgery.…”

A Comprehensive Survey on Image Modality based Computerized Dry Eye Disease Detection Techniques

“…TBUT test measures the stability of the tear film. In TBUT test [2][3][4][5]9], sodium fluorescein drops are instilled in the eye and are spread over the entire area of eye by directing the patient to blink few times. Subsequently, the ophthalmologist observes the tear film using slit lamp and measures the time (in seconds) at which the dark spot/s first appears in the tear film.…”

“…It has several functions such as providing nourishment to the cornea, lubricating corneal surface and maintaining moisture of the eye. Certain factors such as prolonged use of electronic gadgets, old age, environmental conditions, medication, smoking habits and use of contact lens can disturb the tear film balance and can lead to evaporation of moisture from tear film causing dry eye disease [5][6][7][8].…”

“…It occurs due to instability in tear film, reduction in tear production or abnormality in tear producing glands. Symptoms of dry eye disease include blurred vision, burning sensation, sore and itchy eye, foreign body sensation and photophobia [3,[5][6]. If DED is left untreated, it can cause infection, corneal ulcer or blindness [9][10][11].…”

Tear replacement combination drugs in the treatment of dry eye syndrome

“…Распространенность ССГ среди населения развитых стран мира колеблется в пределах от 5 до 35 % [7,8]. Активное использование компьютеров, кондиционеров и другого офисного оборудования, средств контактной коррекции зрения, косметические процедуры, применение современных медикаментозных препаратов различной направленности и другие «составляющие» жизни современного цивилизованного общества вносят свой вклад в распространенность рассматриваемого заболевания.…”