Dry eye and percentage of body fat: a cross-sectional prospective study

Surmacz, Hallyrien Urbik; Cotlinski, Ana Luiza; Gehlen, Marcelo; Nisihara, Renato; Skare, Thelma L.

doi:10.1007/s10792-021-01747-8

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…No studies reported incidence of dry eye or MGD. Characteristics of the study populations varied across the 14 studies: general population-based ( n = 2) [ 33 , 41 ], indoor and outdoor worker populations ( n = 3) [ 28 – 30 ], student populations ( n = 3) [ 37 , 39 , 40 ], and hospital- and clinic-based populations ( n = 6) [ 31 , 32 , 34 – 36 , 38 ]. Two of the hospital- and clinic-based studies were from general ophthalmology clinics [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the hospital- and clinic-based studies were from general ophthalmology clinics [ 35 , 36 ]. Definitions of dry eye varied across studies: symptom questionnaires without signs and/or self-reported diagnosis ( n = 7) [ 33 , 35 , 35 , 37 , 39 – 41 ], symptoms and signs ( n = 4) [ 28 , 32 , 34 , 36 ], and signs alone ( n = 2) (Table 2 ) [ 31 , 38 ]. The two MGD prevalence studies used different diagnostic criteria to define MGD: meibum gland quality [ 36 ] and MGD stage based on meibum gland quality and expressibility [ 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction in Central and South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen,

McCann,

Lien

et al. 2024

BMC Ophthalmol

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Background Dry eye is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions and can significantly impact quality of life. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of evaporative dry eye. We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and incidence of dry eye and MGD in Central and South America and to identify factors associated with disease burden. Methods Data sources Ovid MEDLINE and Embase. Study selection A search conducted on August 16, 2021, identified studies published between January 1, 2010, and August 16, 2021, with no restrictions regarding participant age or language of publication. Case reports, case series, case–control studies, and interventional studies were excluded. Data extraction and synthesis The review was based on a protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021256934). Risk of bias was assessed in duplicate using a risk of bias tool designed for the purposes of descriptive epidemiological studies. Data were extracted by one investigator and verified by another for accuracy. Prevalence of dry eye and MGD were grouped based on study participant characteristics. Main outcomes and measures Prevalence and incidence of dry eye and MGD in Central and South America. Summary estimates from meta-analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Fourteen studies (11,594 total participants) were included. The population prevalence of dry eye was 13% (95% CI, 12%-14%) in Brazil and 41% (95% CI, 39%-44%) in Mexico based on one study each. Meta-analyses suggested that dry eye prevalence was 70% among indoor workers (95% CI, 56%-80%; I2, 82%; 3 studies), 71% among students (95% CI, 65%-77%; I2, 92%; 3 studies), and 83% in general ophthalmology clinics (95% CI, 77%-88%; I2, 88%; 2 studies). MGD prevalence ranged from 23% among indoor workers (95% CI, 16%-31%; 1 study) to 68% in general ophthalmology clinics (95% CI, 62%-72%; 1 study). No studies reported incidence of dry eye or MGD. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated considerable variation in the published prevalence of dry eye and MGD among the general population and subpopulations in Central and South America. Local and subpopulation estimates of dry eye disease burden may be valuable to assist needs assessments and implementation of measures to mitigate the condition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction in Central and South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen,

McCann,

Lien

et al. 2024

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…The mean BMI of the study participants was 29.7 kg/m 2 , suggesting that a signi cant proportion of them were overweight or obese. This is a known risk factor for the development of DED (21). In addition, chronic diseases are linked with obesity, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which increase the risk of DED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of the effect of incense use on patients with dry eye diseases: A clinical interview-based study

Alhalwani,

Mofti,

Domyati

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Incense is burning regularly in Saudi culture. Studies show that incense smoke is considered one of the indoor air pollutants and has been associated with affecting human health. Therefore, this study compared DED patients with cataract patients concerning their incense use, frequency of DED symptoms, blood inflammatory biomarkers, and ocular examination in patients in King Abdulaziz Medical Center (KAMC)- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A total of 64 patients participated in the prospective research study from August 2022 to December 2022 and performed a cross-sectional interview study at ophthalmology outpatient clinics using a pre-designed, validated questionnaire. The participants were divided into two groups: the study group, DED diagnosis, and the control group, cataract diagnosis. Blood biomarker tests and demographic data were gathered and analyzed. The means, standard deviations, and medians of the blood test and TBUT results were calculated. The PLR and NLR were calculated, and the correlation between all PLR, NLR, and TBUT values was investigated. Statistical analysis was utilized to determine the incense risk factors associated with the diagnosis. Results Patients with DED were older adults, more females, and high BMI. The type of incense used was high in synthetic wood. The dry eye disease symptoms frequency was eye fatigue (66.7%), and the highest intensity was itching (29.5%). There were increases in tear break-up time (TBUT) and inflammatory blood biomarkers values between groups with insignificant differences. There was a positive correlation with significant differences among DED patients between NLR and PLR and between TBUT (OS) and TBUT (OS). Conclusion This study shows that incense smoke might be a risk factor for increased tear break-up time and inflammatory blood biomarkers and has been indicated to cause dry eye symptoms. Additionally, the availability of a blood provocative test detecting DED ability markers besides ocular examination will be a significant advantage for managing DED to prevent adverse outcomes. It is recommended that people use natural incense rather than synthetic incense, use incense smoke for shorter periods, and ventilate their surroundings when burning incense at home to prevent dry eye disease and other health problems.

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“…Recent studies evaluating its etiopathogenesis associated a high incidence of dry eye with body fat composition and lipid metabolic changes [ 113 ]. Ho et al reported an association between adiposity measured by body fat percentage and symptoms of dry eye in the general adult population [ 114 ].…”

Section: Obesity and Eye Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of low-grade inflammation in obesity, adipose tissue, is rich in proinflammatory macrophages that produce proinflammatory markers. These markers exert some negative impacts on tear production, thus linking pathogenically obesity and dry eye disease [ 113 ].…”

Section: Obesity and Eye Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases

Bosello,

Vanzo,

Zaffalon

et al. 2024

Eat Weight Disord

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Background The prevalence of obesity, a chronic disease, is increasing, and obesity is now considered a global epidemic. Eye diseases are also increasing worldwide and have serious repercussions on quality of life as well as increasingly high costs for the community. The relationships between obesity and ocular pathologies are not yet well clarified and are not pathologically homogeneous: they seem to be somehow linked to excess body fat, especially to the distribution of adipose tissue and its ectopic deposits. Purpose Our objective was to examine the associations between obesity and anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the waist/hip ratio (WHR), and the risk of most widespread eye diseases, with particular attention given to the most significant metabolic mechanisms. Methods This article provides a narrative overview of the effect of obesity and anthropometric measurements of body fat on prevalent eye diseases. We used the MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1984 to 2024. In addition, we hand-searched references from the retrieved articles and explored a number of related websites. A total of 153 publications were considered. Results There is significant evidence that obesity is associated with several eye diseases. Waist circumference (WC) and the waist/hip ratio (WHR) have been observed to have stronger positive associations with eye diseases than BMI. Conclusions Obesity must be considered a significant risk factor for eye diseases; hence, a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach to treating obesity, which also affects ocular health, is important. In the prevention and treatment of eye diseases related to obesity, lifestyle factors, especially diet and physical activity, as well as weight changes, both weight loss and weight gain, should not be overlooked. Level of evidence Level V narrative review.

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Dry eye and percentage of body fat: a cross-sectional prospective study

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction in Central and South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction in Central and South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The investigation of the effect of incense use on patients with dry eye diseases: A clinical interview-based study

Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases

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