Dry deposition and concentration of marine aerosols in a coastal area, SW Sweden

Gustafsson, Mats; Franzén, Lars G.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00355-x

Cited by 81 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Deposition rates and the amount of airborne sea salt particles at the coast have also been previously observed to drop rapidly within the first 2 to 5 km inland (Rossknecht et al, 1973;Gustafsson and Franzén, 1996), consistent with the 3-km cutoff used in our study. The Catalonian coastal line has experienced considerable changes during the glacial and postglacial periods.…”

Section: Collection Of Plant and Soil Materialssupporting

confidence: 68%

Salinity Is an Agent of Divergent Selection Driving Local Adaptation of Arabidopsis to Coastal Habitats

et al. 2015

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Understanding the molecular mechanism of adaptive evolution in plants provides insights into the selective forces driving adaptation and the genetic basis of adaptive traits with agricultural value. The genomic resources available for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) make it well suited to the rapid molecular dissection of adaptive processes. Although numerous potentially adaptive loci have been identified in Arabidopsis, the consequences of divergent selection and migration (both important aspects of the process of local adaptation) for Arabidopsis are not well understood. Here, we use a multiyear field-based reciprocal transplant experiment to detect local populations of Arabidopsis composed of multiple small stands of plants (demes) that are locally adapted to the coast and adjacent inland habitats in northeastern Spain. We identify fitness tradeoffs between plants from these different habitats when grown together in inland and coastal common gardens and also, under controlled conditions in soil excavated from coastal and inland sites. Plants from the coastal habitat also outperform those from inland when grown under high salinity, indicating local adaptation to soil salinity. Sodium can be toxic to plants, and we find its concentration to be elevated in soil and plants sampled at the coast. We conclude that the local adaptation that we observe between adjacent coastal and inland populations is caused by ongoing divergent selection driven by the differential salinity between coastal and inland soils.

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Section: Collection Of Plant and Soil Materialssupporting

confidence: 68%

Salinity Is an Agent of Divergent Selection Driving Local Adaptation of Arabidopsis to Coastal Habitats

et al. 2015

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“…Other studies, which are focused on atmospheric parameters, show the salinity decay of marine aerosol when being transponed inland [7,9,15]. On the other hand, studies that show the relationship between chloride presence in atmosphere and concrete durability are still scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones – The use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator

Meira

Andrade

Alonso

et al. 2010

Cement and Concrete Composites

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Chloride deposition Concrete durability Environmental indicator Marine atmosphere zone Wet candle Durability of concrete structures under marine environments has been studied for a long time. This work was focused on marine atmosphere zone and studied the deposition of chlorides on wet candle devices and its relation with chlorides accumulated into concrete. Concrete specimens with three different mixtures were exposed at places located at four different distances from the sea. Periodically, chloride profiles were obtained and analysed taking into account environmental data. Results of numerical extrapolations show that chloride deposition rate on the wet candle can be used as an environmental indicator, helping to preview the expectancy of service Ufe of concrete structures or suggesting mínimum concrete cover thicknesses for a required service Ufe. Regarding the studied región, service Ufe decreases between 30% and 60% were observed when changing chloride deposition from 120 mg/m 2 day to 500 mg/ m 2 day, which shows that chloride deposition plays an important role as an environmental indicator on service-life analysis of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zone.

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“…Different threshold monthly average values of wind speed in the north coast of Sweden (Gustafsson and Franzén, 1996) and for the glacial Arctic and Pacific Ocean in Russia (Strekalov, 2000) have been reported in the open atmosphere, without shielding conditions. The necessary wind speed to observe an increase in monthly average Cl -DR was 5 and 6 m s -1 , respectively.…”

Section: Climatic Factors Influencing the Chloride Deposition Rate 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reports from the north coast of Sweden (Gustafsson and Franzén, 1996), as well as in a coastal area in the east of Brazil (Meira et al, 2007) and the shoreline of South Korea (Lee and Mon, 2006) proposed two statistical models to explain changes in the chloride deposition rate vs. distance from the sea. An exponential decreasing function:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of marine aerosol in a tropical coastal city: Havana

Castañeda¹,

Corvo

Howland³

et al. 2018

Atm

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RESUMENLas edificaciones son obstáculos importantes para el ingreso y distribución del aerosol marino en la atmósfera de clima tropical costero de La Habana. Debido a este efecto de apantallamiento, a escasa distancia del mar se aprecia un considerable decremento en la deposición de iones cloruro. Las partículas de cloruro de mayor tamaño y peso suspendidas en el aerosol pueden depositarse en las inmediaciones del rompiente de las olas. La velocidad promedio anual del viento tuvo un efecto significativo en el incremento de la deposición de cloruros en el sitio de exposición más cercano al mar, donde la influencia de las edificaciones es insignificante y los niveles pronosticados de agresividad corrosiva son alto, muy alto y extremo. La disminución de la temperatura del aire fue el factor climático que tuvo mayor influencia en la deposición de iones cloruro. La penetración del aerosol marino es ocho veces menor en La Habana con relación a otros sitios sin condiciones de apantallamiento. La distribución de la salinidad transportada por el aire dentro de la ciudad es diferente respecto de la encontrada fuera de ésta. ABSTRACTBuilding structures constitute obstacles for the entrance and distribution of marine aerosol in the atmosphere of Havana City (tropical coastal climate). Due to the shielding effect caused by building structures, a considerable decrease in chloride deposition is determined at a short distance from the sea. Heavier and larger-sized chloride aerosol particles can settle down in the vicinity of breaking waves. The annual average wind speed showed significant influence in increasing chloride deposition at the exposure site close to the sea, where the effect of building structures is negligible and the predicted levels of corrosivity of the atmosphere are high, very high and extreme. Air temperature was the main climatic factor influencing chloride deposition (when temperature decreases, chloride deposition increases). Penetration of marine aerosol is eight times lower in Havana City with respect to other sites without obstacles. Airborne salinity distribution inside the city is different than outside the city.Keywords: Marine aerosol, distance from the sea, chloride deposition, shielding condition, corrosivity categories. 88A. Castañeda et al. IntroductionA significant deterioration due to atmospheric corrosion of reinforced concrete structures built with metallic materials, more often used in the construction industry as carbon steel and galvanized steel, is observed in the tropical coastal climate in Havana City. It is a consequence of high (C4), very high (C5) and extreme (CX) corrosivity categories of the atmosphere at coastal locations without shielding conditions (Castañeda et al., 2013(Castañeda et al., , 2014. High corrosivity categories of the atmosphere were expected due to high levels of chloride deposition rate (Cl -DR). However, penetration studies carried out in Cuba and some Latin-American countries about marine aerosol as a factor in the initiation and propagation of atmospheric cor...

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Dry deposition and concentration of marine aerosols in a coastal area, SW Sweden

Cited by 81 publications

References 11 publications

Salinity Is an Agent of Divergent Selection Driving Local Adaptation of Arabidopsis to Coastal Habitats

Salinity Is an Agent of Divergent Selection Driving Local Adaptation of Arabidopsis to Coastal Habitats

Durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones – The use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator

Penetration of marine aerosol in a tropical coastal city: Havana

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