Dry cave deposits and their palaeoenvironmental significance during the last 115ka, Sodmein Cave, Red Sea Mountains, Egypt

Moeyersons, J; Vermeersch, Pierre; Peer, Philip Van

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(01)00132-9

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…5 The surface of the cave interior at the start of the excavations (photo: P. Vermeersch) Fig. 6 Stratigraphic section west-east along 23 N (adapted from Moeyersons et al 2002) -Layers A and B: deposits and the archaeological material that fill the gully depression -Layer C: deposits and the archaeological material of the main archaeological zone, of which the upper part is the C1-horizon (ca. 6.15-6.48 Ka BP) and the lower part is the C2-horizon (ca.…”

Section: Field Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, 2 and 3) is located in the Red Sea Mountains of the Egyptian Eastern Desert, at 26°14′ 27″ N and 33°58′ 12″ E, about 35 km to the NNW of Quseir in an area where limestone of the Thebes Formation is outcropping. The geology and geomorphology of the Sodmein Cave were studied by Moeyersons et al (1996Moeyersons et al ( , 1999Moeyersons et al ( , 2002. The slightly sloping cave floor is 41 m wide, 10 to 20 m deep and 18 m high at the entrance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

et al. 2015

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Section: Field Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

et al. 2015

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“…3, B1). The fault lines and the vertical displacements (> 2 m) were estimated in the model and match to previous investigations (Moeyersons et al, 2002). The cave volume (~12,200 m³) and the nearly similar debris volume in front of the cave (~13,200 m³) were computed by incorporation of virtual planes for closure.…”

Section: Sodmein Cave Egyptmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In this cavern more than 4 m of stratified human occupation debris can be identified, spanning from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, where the lowermost layers have been assigned to 118 ka BP and give evidence for more humid climate conditions (Mercier et al, 1999;Moeyersons et al, 2002). Thus, the development of the cave in the Eocene Thebes limestone is assigned as karstic, but a system of local faults and associated shear zones with vertical displacement surround the cave, which may have also played an important role in shaping the appearance of the cave.…”

Section: Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoarchaeological site documentation and analysis of 3D data derived by terrestrial laser scanning

Hoffmeister

Zellmann

Kindermann

et al. 2014

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Terrestrial laser scanning was conducted to document and analyse sites of geoarchaeological interest in Jordan, Egypt and Spain. In those cases, the terrestrial laser scanner LMS-Z420i from Riegl was used in combination with an accurate RTK-GPS for georeferencing of the point clouds. Additionally, local surveying networks were integrated by established transformations and used for indirect registration purposes. All data were integrated in a workflow that involves different software and according results. The derived data were used for the documentation of the sites by accurate plans and cross-sections. Furthermore, the 3D data were analysed for geoarchaeological research problems, such as volumetric determinations, the ceiling thickness of a cave and lighting simulations based on path tracing. The method was reliable in harsh environmental conditions, but the weight of the instrument, the measuring time and the minimum measurement distance were a drawback. However, generally an accurate documentation of the sites was possible. Overall, the integration in a 3D GIS is easily possible by the accurate georeference of the derived data. In addition, local survey results are also implemented by the established transformations. Enhanced analyses based on the derived 3D data shows promising results.

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“…Records from the Red Sea Mountains in Egypt show vegetation depositions from a wet period of local significance (Moeyersons et al, 2002), and speleothem records around the Red Sea show increasing rainfalls/humidity with the beginning of MIS 5e in Oman (Fleitmann et al, 2003) and from 124-119 ka BP in Israel (BarMatthews et al, 2003). This period of enhanced zonal precipitation (Herold and Lohmann, 2009) was coincident with a period of strong insolation-forced African Monsoons that caused intense sapropel formation in the eastern Mediterranean (Rossignol-Strick, 1983;Rohling et al, 2002;van der Meer et al, 2007;Osborne et al, 2008).…”

Section: Climate Conditions During Termination II and Sea-level Maximummentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

et al. 2011

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Abstract. This study investigates the response of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation changes during termination II and across the last interglacial, in comparison with termination I and the Holocene. Sediment cores from the central and northern part of the Red Sea were investigated by micropaleontological and geochemical proxies. The recovery of the planktic foraminiferal fauna following high salinities during marine isotopic stage (MIS) 6 took place at similar sea-level stand (∼50 m below present day), and with a similar species succession, as during termination I. This indicates a consistent sensitivity of the basin oceanography and the plankton ecology to sea-level forcing. Based on planktic foraminifera, we find that increased water exchange with the Gulf of Aden especially occurred during the sea-level highstand of interglacial MIS 5e. From MIS 6 to the peak of MIS 5e, northern Red Sea sea surface temperature (SST) increased from 21 • C to 25 • C, with about 3 • C of this increase taking place during termination II. Changes in planktic foraminiferal assemblages indicate that the development of the Red Sea oceanography during MIS 5 was strongly determined by insolation and monsoon strength. The SW Monsoon summer circulation mode was enhanced during the termination, causing low productivity in northern central Red Sea core KL9, marked by high abundance of G. sacculifer, which -as in the Holocene -followed summer insolation. Core KL11 records the northern tip of the intruding intermediate water layer from the Gulf of Aden and its planktic foraminifera fauna shows evidence for elevated productivity during the sea-level highstand in the southern central Red Sea. By the time of MIS 5 sea-level regression, elevated orCorrespondence to: G. Trommer (gabi.trommer@gmx.de) ganic biomarker BIT values suggest denudation of soil organic matter into the Red Sea and high abundances of G. glutinata, and high reconstructed chlorophyll-a values, indicate an intensified NE Monsoon winter circulation mode. Our results imply that the amplitude of insolation fluctuations, and the resulting monsoon strength, strongly influence the Red Sea oceanography during sea-level highstands by regulating the intensity of water exchange with the Gulf of Aden. These processes are responsible for the observation that MIS 5e/d is characterized by higher primary productivity than the Holocene.

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Dry cave deposits and their palaeoenvironmental significance during the last 115ka, Sodmein Cave, Red Sea Mountains, Egypt

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

Geoarchaeological site documentation and analysis of 3D data derived by terrestrial laser scanning

Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

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