A rise of 2 o C in the Earth's temperature is likely to occur when the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere reaches approximately 450 ppm. CO 2 emissions are closely related to the continual use of fossil fuels. In order to make fossil fuels sustainable, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is required to reduce CO 2 emissions. CO 2 hydrate (CO 2 :6H 2 O) formation has been investigated as a way to capture CO 2 . The formation of hydrate in this work was experimentally investigated in batch mode inside a vertical fixed-bed reactor (FBR), also known as high-pressure volumetric analyser (HPVA). Standard silica gel with an average particle size of 200-500 µm, mean pore size of 5.14 nm, a pore volume of 0.64 cm 3 /g, and a surface area of 499 m 2 /g was used as a porous medium. The presence of hydrate in FBR was justified by using graphic methods. The solubility of CO 2 in water using Henry's law and the experimental pressure-time (P-t) curve were analysed to determine the formation of hydrate. Hydrate formation was confirmed when the mole fraction of CO 2 dissolved in water exceeded the Henry's law value as well as a two-stage pressure drop in the experimental P-t curve.
AbstrakKenaikan suhu bumi sebanyak 2 o C berkemungkinan terjadi apabila kandungan karbon dioksida di persekitaran mencapai lebih kurang 450 ppm. Pembebasan CO 2 berkait rapat dengan penggunaan bahan api fosil yang berterusan. Bagi menghasilkan bahan api fosil yang mampan, simpanan dan perangkap karbon (CCS) diperlukan untuk mengurangi pelepasan CO 2 . Formasi CO 2 hidrat telah dikaji untuk memerangkap CO 2 . Pembentukan hidrat telah dikaji untuk memerangkap karbon dioksida melalui eksperimen yang dijalankan menggunakan reaktor (FBR), juga dikenali sebagai penganalisa volumetrik tekanan tinggi (HPVA). Gel silika dengan purata saiz 200-500 µm, purata diameter liang 5.14 nm, isipadu liang 0.64 cm 3 /g, dan luas permukaan 499 m 2 /g telah digunakan sebagai medium untuk pembentukan hidrat. Pembentukan hidrat di dalam reaktor disahkan melalui kaedah analisis graf. Kadar keterlarutan CO 2 di dalam air dan graf tekanan-masa dikaji untuk menentukan pembentukan hidrat. Pembentukan hidrat disahkan apabila bilangan mol CO 2 yang larut di dalam air melebihi nilai hukum Henry dan juga dua peringkat penurunan tekanan dapat dilihat dalam lengkung experimen P-t.Kata kunci: kesan rumah hijau, hidrat karbon dioksida, gel silica, hukum Henry, graf tekanan-masa