Drugs of abuse testing by tandem mass spectrometry: A rapid, simple method to replace immunoassays

Eichhorst, Jeff; Etter, Michele L.; Rousseaux, Nadine; Lehotay, Denis C.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.07.019

Cited by 69 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…De nombreux auteurs procèdent à une hydrolyse alcaline ou à une β-deglucuronidation avant l'extraction des composés [17][18][19][20][21]. Ceci permet de convertir les métabolites conjugués (glucuronides) en métabolites libres et de doser la totalité du composé.…”

Section: Préparationunclassified

“…Cependant, quelques auteurs ont bénéficié de pompes capables de travailler à des pressions très élevées, largement au-dessus du seuil maximum des pompes classiques (400 bars) [4,19,52,62]. Ces pompes " UPLC " permettent l'emploi de colonnes à faible granulométrie (<2 μm) facilitant l'analyse des composés dans un laps de temps réduit gé-néralement de l'ordre de 5 min [19,52]. Relevons que les pics chromatographiques obtenus par UPLC pour les cannabinoïdes sont extrêmement fins, de l'ordre d'une dizaine de secondes contre une demi-minute pour les colonnes classiques, permettant ainsi un gain de sensibilité appréciable.…”

Section: Choix Des Colonnesunclassified

“…Deux méthodes ont également été mises au point avec une colonne de type phenylhexyl pour le dosage du THC-A [15] ou d'une série de plusieurs cannabinoïdes (THC, 11-OH-THC, THCCOOH et THCCOOHgluc) [58]. Les longueurs de colonne sont habituellement de 50 [14,15,19,32,53,[57][58][59][60]64], 100 [4,13,20,43,52,56,62] ou 150 mm [10,12,16,17,24,42,54]. Quelques auteurs ont cependant choisi une colonne de 250 mm pour un screening [55] ou à l'opposé, une colonne de 20 mm pour l'analyse du THC-COOH uniquement [61].…”

Section: Choix Des Colonnesunclassified

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Analyse des cannabinoïdes par spectrométrie de masse en mode tandem

Fabritius¹,

Staub²,

Giroud³

2011

Ann Toxicol Anal

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Résumé -Depuis quelques années, la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (MS/MS) ne cesse de gagner du terrain comme méthode d'analyse en toxicologie forensique, notamment pour le dosage des cannabinoïdes. Couplée à la chromatographie liquide (LC) ou gazeuse (GC), elle permet l'identification fiable et le dosage rapide du THC, de son précurseur acide, et de ses principaux métabolites, y compris les glucuronides. Au cours de ces dix dernières années, un nombre significatif de publications sont parues sur ce sujet. L'objectif de cet article est de passer en revue les analyses par spectrométrie de masse en tandem des cannabinoïdes dans diverses matrices biologiques.Mots clés : Cannabinoïdes, spectrométrie de masse en tandem, matrice biologique, chromatographie Abstract -In recent years, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is gaining ground as a reference method of analysis in clinical and forensic toxicology, especially for the determination of cannabinoids. Coupled to liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC), it allows the definitive identification and rapid determination of THC, its acid precursor, and its major metabolites, including the glucuronides. During the past decade, several methods of analysis of cannabinoids in different matrices have appeared on this subject. The aim of this paper is to review the analysis of cannabinoids by tandem mass spectrometry methods in various biological matrices.

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Section: Préparationunclassified

Section: Choix Des Colonnesunclassified

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Analyse des cannabinoïdes par spectrométrie de masse en mode tandem

Fabritius¹,

Staub²,

Giroud³

2011

Ann Toxicol Anal

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“…The limited number of drugs that can be tested by immunoassays is a disadvantage. Several recent analytical strategies apply LC-MS as an alternative for urine screening (43)(44)(45) to increase the drug repertoire. This technique has in addition increasingly been used as a supplement to GC-MS for confirmation of drug findings (27,28,46).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using biological samples in epidemiological research on drugs of abuse

Gjerde

Øiestad²,

Christophersen³

2011

Nor J Epidemiol

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Blood, oral fluid (saliva), urine and hair are the most commonly used biological matrices for drug testing in epidemiological drug research. Other biological matrices may also be used for selected purposes. Blood reflects recent drug intake and may be used to assess impairment. Oral fluid reflects drug presence in blood and thereby also recent intake, but drug concentrations in this matrix cannot be used to accurately estimate concentrations in blood. Urine reflects drug use during the last few days and in some cases for a longer period, but does not indicate the dose size or frequency of use. Hair reflects drug use during several months, but is a poor matrix for detecting use of cannabis. If using a single drug dose, this can be detected in blood and urine if the sample is taken within the detection timeframes, in most cases also in oral fluid. Single drug use is most often insufficient for producing a positive test result in a sample of hair. For cocaine and amphetamine, weekly use may be needed, while for cannabis a positive result is not guaranteed even after daily use. Refusal rates are lowest for oral fluid and highest for blood and hair samples. The analytical costs are lowest for urine and highest for hair. Combined use of questionnaires/interviews and drug testing detects more drug use than when using only one of those methods and is therefore expected to give more accurate data.

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“…6 It is recognized as a sensitive and specific technique and with rapid analysis times can obviate the need for expensive pre-screening of samples by immunoassay. We aimed to develop and validate a single LC-MS/MS assay that could report a number of different drugs in urine as either 'detected' or 'not detected' when compared with a cut-off concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a clinically relevant liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for 13 drugs of abuse in urine, designed to meet the needs of the service users

et al. 2010

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Background: The clinical requirements of the users of assay results must be at the centre of assay development. We aimed to develop a single liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for drugs of abuse in urine that would meet the needs of our service users and replace the multiple screening and confirmatory techniques previously in use. Methods: After discussion with our users, it was decided that 13 drugs and metabolites should be measured in our panel: morphine, codeine, norcodeine, dihydrocodeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, acetyl codeine, methadone and its metabolite, buprenorphine and its metabolite, amphetamine, benzoylecgonine and cotinine. Urine samples were prepared by the addition of internal standard, enzymatic hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction. Chromatography conditions were optimized so that the analytes were separated within a run time of 6 min. Optimal parent to daughter m/z ion transitions were chosen for all drugs and daughter ion ratios were used. Results: The LC-MS/MS assay was successfully validated with acceptable precision and lower limits of quantification for all drugs. No matrix effects were seen. The results produced by the LC-MS/MS assay compared well with the previous combination of techniques in use. Conclusions: We have developed and validated a fit-for-purpose LC-MS/MS assay for 13 drugs of abuse in urine that obviates the need for multiple screening and confirmatory analytical techniques.

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Drugs of abuse testing by tandem mass spectrometry: A rapid, simple method to replace immunoassays

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Analyse des cannabinoïdes par spectrométrie de masse en mode tandem

Analyse des cannabinoïdes par spectrométrie de masse en mode tandem

Using biological samples in epidemiological research on drugs of abuse

Development of a clinically relevant liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for 13 drugs of abuse in urine, designed to meet the needs of the service users

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