Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis

Blackard, Jason T.; Sherman, Kenneth E.

doi:10.3390/v13122387

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…There is growing evidence that drugs such as methamphetamine, cocaine, opioids, and marijuana increase HIV, HBV, and HCV replication both in vitro and in animal models [ 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Several mechanisms contribute to the decreased ability to control pathogens and limit their subsequent clearance, including the impaired function of natural killer cells, T-cells, B-cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, the altered expression of cytokines and chemokines, as well as weak intestinal barrier integrity [ 86 , 90 ]. Drugs of abuse can impair immune system functions, affecting both innate and adaptive immunity.…”

Section: Drugs Of Abuse and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Viral Pathogenesis—A South African Perspective

Ratshisusu,

Simani,

Blackard

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Illicit drug and alcohol abuse have significant negative consequences for individuals who inject drugs/use drugs (PWID/UDs), including decreased immune system function and increased viral pathogenesis. PWID/UDs are at high risk of contracting or transmitting viral illnesses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In South Africa, a dangerous drug-taking method known as “Bluetoothing” has emerged among nyaope users, whereby the users of this drug, after injecting, withdraw blood from their veins and then reinject it into another user. Hence, the transmission of blood-borne viruses (BBVs) is exacerbated by this “Bluetooth” practice among nyaope users. Moreover, several substances of abuse promote HIV, HBV, and HCV replication. With a specific focus on the nyaope drug, viral replication, and transmission, we address the important influence of abused addictive substances and polysubstance use in this review.

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Section: Drugs Of Abuse and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Viral Pathogenesis—A South African Perspective

Ratshisusu,

Simani,

Blackard

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…Furthermore, illicit opioid use has fueled outbreaks of several viruses, particularly HIV, HBV, and HCV. Previous studies have demonstrated that virus-drug interactions can accelerate viral pathogenesis, not only increasing transmission but also suppressing immune responses [20]. In longitudinal studies of people living with HIV, dangerous drug abuse was correlated with failure to maintain the viral load [21].…”

Section: Drugs Of Abuse and Opioidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS

Joseph,

Sandel,

Kulkarni

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Infectious agents, notably viruses, can cause or increase the risk of cancer occurrences. These agents often disrupt normal cellular functions, promote uncontrolled proliferation and growth, and trigger chronic inflammation, leading to cancer. Approximately 20% of all cancer cases in humans are associated with an infectious pathogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recognizes seven viruses as direct oncogenic agents, including Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Most viruses linked to increased cancer risk are typically transmitted through contact with contaminated body fluids and high-risk behaviors. The risk of infection can be reduced through vaccinations and routine testing, as well as recognizing and addressing risky behaviors and staying informed about public health concerns. Numerous strategies are currently in pre-clinical phases or undergoing clinical trials for targeting cancers driven by viral infections. Herein, we provide an overview of risk factors associated with increased cancer incidence in people living with HIV (PLWH) as well as other chronic viral infections, and contributing factors such as aging, toxicity from ART, coinfections, and comorbidities. Furthermore, we highlight both antibody- and cell-based strategies directed against virus-induced cancers while also emphasizing approaches aimed at discovering cures or achieving complete remission for affected individuals.

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“…At present, it is clear that although viruses are not the only cause of tumors, they play a large role in the occurrence of malignant neoplasms (for instance, the presence of hepatitis B virus increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma) in both humans and animals. A characteristic feature of tumor diseases associated with viruses is a long latent period, years and even decades can pass from the moment of infection to the manifestation of the disease ( Mui et al, 2019 ; Blackard and Sherman, 2021 ).…”

Section: Polyphenols and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern aspects of the use of natural polyphenols in tumor prevention and therapy

Суфианова

Gareev

Beylerli

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites or organic compounds synthesized by them. In other words, these are molecules that are found in plants. Due to the wide variety of polyphenols and the plants in which they are found, these compounds are divided according to the source of origin, the function of the polyphenols, and their chemical structure; where the main ones are flavonoids. All the beneficial properties of polyphenols have not yet been studied, since this group of substances is very extensive and diverse. However, most polyphenols are known to be powerful antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory effects. Polyphenols help fight cell damage caused by free radicals and immune system components. In particular, polyphenols are credited with a preventive effect that helps protect the body from certain forms of cancer. The onset and progression of tumors may be related directly to oxidative stress, or inflammation. These processes can increase the amount of DNA damage and lead to loss of control over cell division. A number of studies have shown that oxidative stress uncontrolled by antioxidants or an uncontrolled and prolonged inflammatory process increases the risk of developing sarcoma, melanoma, and breast, lung, liver, and prostate cancer. Therefore, a more in-depth study of the effect of polyphenolic compounds on certain signaling pathways that determine the complex cascade of oncogenesis is a promising direction in the search for new methods for the prevention and treatment of tumors.

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Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis

Cited by 13 publications

References 209 publications

The Impact of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Viral Pathogenesis—A South African Perspective

The Impact of Drugs and Substance Abuse on Viral Pathogenesis—A South African Perspective

Antibody and Cell-Based Therapies against Virus-Induced Cancers in the Context of HIV/AIDS

Modern aspects of the use of natural polyphenols in tumor prevention and therapy

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