Drugs and Stimulus Control

Heise, George A.; Milar, Katharine S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7178-0_3

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…With the exception of phencyclidine, the magnitude of the rate-decreasing effects seen in the present investigation was consistently larger during choice trials. These latter results are in general agreement with reports that behavior under strong stimulus control, represented in the present experiment by the nonchoice trials, is less sensitive to disruption by drugs then behavior under weak stimulus control, represented in the present experiment by the choice trials (Heise and Milar 1984;Winsauer et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In that study, morphine disrupted performance under a bright, but not a dull, stimulus discrimination task. Although similar outcomes across these procedures and those of the present investigation were not always evident, the effects of drugs under conditional discriminations are known to be complex and can differ according to procedures and parameters employed (Thompson 1978;Heise and Milar 1984). Further clarification of the conditions under which these drugs produce accuracy-altering effects is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Evaluation of the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in pigeons

1987

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The effects of several opioid agonists and antagonists were examined in pigeons performing under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure. The mu agonists morphine and l-methadone, the kappa agonists U 50,488 and ethylketocyclazocine, and the opioid antagonist naloxone had no effect on the accuracy of responding. These drugs were, however, behaviorally active as evidenced by the dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding associated with their administration. In contrast, the sigma agonists (+) N-allylnormetazocine and phencyclidine decreased the accuracy of responding in a dose-dependent fashion. The relative magnitude of these drug-induced decreases in accuracy were similar across the no delay (0-s), short (2-s), and long (8-s) delay intervals. For these drugs, accuracy-decreasing effects were obtained only at doses that reduced rates of responding. The results of the present investigation parallel those reported in pigeons responding under drug discrimination tasks, in which the discriminative stimulus properties produced by the mu and kappa agonists are similar to each other but distinguishable from those produced by the sigma agonists.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evaluation of the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in pigeons

1987

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“…Although one interpretation of this delay-dependent impairment is that CPP impairs short term memory processes, the data are equally compatible with the hypothesis that the effects of CPP on discriminative performance are dependent upon the degree of stimulus control or the baseline accuaracy of performance (Heise and Milar 1984). This latter hypothesis is also consistent with the observations that discrimination perormance is impaired by CPP when there is no delay, only when baseline accuracy is relatively low (Tang and Ho 1988;Tan et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Contrasting effects of the competitive NMDA antagonist CPP and the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK 801 on performance of an operant delayed matching to position task in rats

Cole¹,

Klewer²,

Jones³

et al. 1993

Psychopharmacology

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The effects of the competitive NMDA antagonist CPP and the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK 801 (dizolcipine) on short term working memory in the rat were investigated. The behavioural paradigm used was discrete trial, operant delayed matching to position, as originally described by Dunnett (1985), with delays of 0, 5, 15 and 30 s. These delays generated an orderly "forgetting" curve in control rats, with matching accuracy decreasing from approximately 100% at 0-s delay to approximately 75% at 30-s delay. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of CPP (10 mg/kg) produced a marked delay dependent impairment in performance, suggesting a specific effect on short term working memory. This effect was accompanied by a minor decrease in the speed of responding, and a slight increase in the number of missed trials. Lower doses of CPP had no significant effects on either matching accuracy or sedation. In contrast, IP administration of MK 801 (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) caused a marked delay independent impairment in the accuracy of delayed matching performance, suggesting a non-specific disruption of performance. A lower dose (0.05 mg/kg) of MK 801 had no significant effect on matching accuracy. The two lower doses of MK 801 increased the number of nose pokes made during the delays and tended to increase the speed of responding, suggesting a stimulant-like action. The highest dose of MK 801 had the opposite effects and also decreased the number of trials completed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…doses lower than those at which effects appear under MTS, or larger drug effects may be seen at the same dose as the delay increases (McMillan, 1981). The DMTS procedure has proved useful in the assessment of the effects of a variety of drugs (Heise & Milar, 1984;Thompson, 1978).In the standard DMTS procedure, the delay values at which the subjects work are usually arbitrarily set by the experimenter. One variation of the DMTS procedure is the titrating DMTS procedure (TDMTS), in which the delay between the sample and comparison stimuli varies depending on the subject's perfonnance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of the titrating delayed matching-to-sample procedure for analyzing drug effects

Woodward

Watson

Blampied

et al. 1986

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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A titrating delayed matching-to-sample (TDMTS) procedure, in which the delay between the sample and comparison stimuli depends on the subject's performance, was used to assess the effects of 0.5 mg/kg of haloperidol in pigeons. The results showed that the decrease in the limit of delay sustained by the subjects in the drug condition could not be attributed to drug effects on short-term memory, because the limit of delay measure was confounded by the effect of the drug on psychomotor responding. Implications of the use of the TDMTS procedure are discussed.Matching-to-sample (MTS) is an experimental procedure that has been used to assess the effects of drugs on stimulus control. In MTS, a trial begins with the presentation of a sample stimulus. After an appropriate response is made, two or more comparison stimuli are presented, one of which is identical to the sample stimulus. To obtain a reinforcer, the subject must respond to the comparison stimulus that' 'matches the sample" (McMillan, 1981).When a delay is interpolated between the sample and comparison stimuli (delayed matching-to-sample, DMTS), the procedure becomes useful for the study of both concept formation and short-tenn memory (STM) in animals (McMillan, 1981). The DMTS paradigm has two advantages in the study of STM. First, it minimizes the influence of peripheral mediating responses, and second, DMTS tasks may employ exteroceptive stimuli that permit a rigorous manipulation of stimulus parameters and precise specification of stimulus and retention interval duration (Pontecorvo, 1983).Perfonnance under DMTS, across a variety of species, shows that with increases in the delay interval, there is a corresponding decrease in the accuracy of the animals' perfonnance. Thompson (1978) has suggested that DMTS might be more sensitive to drug effects than is MTS because DMTS is presumably under weaker control by the sample stimulus. Stimulus control by the sample stimulus should weaken progressively as the delay increases. Therefore, under DMTS, drug effects might be seen at This report is based on data from a project submitted by the first author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree in psychology. The authors acknowledge the assistance of the following pe0-ple: Chris van Halewyn for writing the computer program, Ijan Beveridge for his care of the animals, and Robin Phillips for his assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. Requests for reprints should be addressed to L. Woodward, Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. doses lower than those at which effects appear under MTS, or larger drug effects may be seen at the same dose as the delay increases (McMillan, 1981). The DMTS procedure has proved useful in the assessment of the effects of a variety of drugs (Heise & Milar, 1984;Thompson, 1978).In the standard DMTS procedure, the delay values at which the subjects work are usually arbitrarily set by the experimenter. One variation of the DMTS procedure is the titrating DMTS procedure (TD...

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Drugs and Stimulus Control

Cited by 26 publications

References 111 publications

Evaluation of the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in pigeons

Evaluation of the effects of opioid agonists and antagonists under a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in pigeons

Contrasting effects of the competitive NMDA antagonist CPP and the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK 801 on performance of an operant delayed matching to position task in rats

The use of the titrating delayed matching-to-sample procedure for analyzing drug effects

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