Druggable genome and precision medicine in cancer: current challenges

Abstract

The past decades have seen tremendous developments with respect to "specific" therapeutics that target key signaling molecules to conquer cancer. The key advancements with multiomics technologies, especially genomics, have allowed physicians and molecular oncologists to design "tailormade" solutions to the specific oncogenes that are deregulated in individual patients, a strategy which has turned out to be successful though the patients quickly develop resistance. The swift integration of multidisciplinary approaches has led to the development of "next generation" therapeutics and, with synergistic therapeutic regimes combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors to reactivate the dampened immune response, has provided the much-needed promise for cancer patients. Despite these advances, a large portion of the druggable genome remains understudied, and the role of druggable genome in the immune system needs further attention. Establishment of patient-derived organoid models has fastened the preclinical validation of novel therapeutics for swift clinical translation. We summarized the current advances and challenges and also stress the importance of biobanking and collection of longitudinal data sets with structured clinical information, as well as the critical role these "high content data sets" will play in designing new therapeutic regimes in a tailormade fashion.

Identification of Ferroptosis-Related Genes as Biomarkers for Sarcoma

“…In recent years, it has fundamentally changed the way cancer is treated ( Dupont et al, 2021 ), which pointed out that by integrating multi-dimensional biological data and clinical characteristics, highly heterogeneous tumors can be classified into more specific subtypes for personalized treatment ( Zhang H et al, 2020 ). In fact, the accumulation of evidence based on molecular profiling has established itself in the subgroup of cancer patients representing different phenotypes, prognosis, and treatment response ( Tan et al, 2019 ).…”

Comprehensive Analysis of Ferroptosis Regulators With Regard to PD-L1 and Immune Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…In recent years, precision medicine has revolutionized the treatment of human cancers (Dupont et al, 2021), which emphasizes that, by integrating multidimensional biological data and clinical characteristics, highly heterogeneous cancers can be subdivided into more accurate subtypes for individualized treatment (Zhang et al, 2020). Indeed accumulating evidence established subgroups of tumor patients according to their molecular profiles, representing distinct phenotypes, prognoses, and therapy responses (Yan et al, 2018;Tan et al, 2019 high-and low-risk groups according to their autophagy features, and consequently, more aggressive and targeted therapies were required in the high-risk group (Zhou et al, 2019).…”

Histochemistry, Cytochemistry and Epigenetics

“…With these technical advancements, cancer genomic medicine that comprehensively examines genomic abnormalities of human diseases, especially malignant tumors, makes possible the selection of molecular-targeted therapeutic agents corresponding to the genetic abnormalities of individual tumors. Also, treatment policies are being examined based on genomic information obtained from histopathological specimens and patient blood analysis [ 5 ].…”