Drug Use Intervention Concepts: Availability

Einstein, Stanley

doi:10.3109/10826088109038839

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Although the "true value" of substance availability within the given environment is rather unobserved (latent), the subjective assessment of the phenomena is considered to be a valid indicator of this latent construct (Einstein, 1981;Johnston et al, 2016;Piontek et al, 2012;Smart, 1977Smart, , 1980ter Bogt et al, 2014;ter Bogt et al, 2006). This consideration was also reinforced by our SEM analysis, showing that the effect of perceived cannabis availability on the individual frequency of cannabis use was found to be significantly higher than the effect of cannabis use on perceived availability in the reverse direction (standardized regression weights: 0.90 vs. 0.48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these approaches have not yet gained special merit and are instead considered complementary. Einstein (1981) emphasized the multidimensionality of the concept and distinguished between physical, social, economic, legal, and conceptual availability. However, Smart (1977Smart ( , 1980 only distinguished the actual availability (measured, for example, by financial costs, time needed to buy drugs, number of nearby sellers, and/or places to buy) and the perceived availability (as a subjective estimate).…”

Section: Previous Research On Availability and Adolescent Cannabis Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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What Affects What? Perceived Cannabis Availability and Its Use Among Czech Urban Youth—A Multilevel Sociogeographic Analysis

2019

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Although there is already considerable research on the connection between the availability of substance and the prevalence of its use, the relative effect that one factor has on the other is rather unclear. The present study aims to scrutinize the mutual relationship between subjectively perceived cannabis availability and the prevalence of cannabis use among 15-to 16-year-old students, applying an integrative multilevel analytic framework. The Czech 2011 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) dataset (N = 8,069 respondents) entered multilevel regression analyses to examine the sociogeographical inequalities in both perceived availability and adolescent frequent cannabis use (individuals [Level 1] nested within schools [Level 2] and localities [Level 3]). At the same time, the mutual relationship of the two cannabis indicators was demonstrated. At the level of individuals (Level 1), the simultaneous equations modeling (SEM) approach was applied to estimate the relative effect of perceived cannabis availability on the frequency of cannabis use and compare it vice versa. Adolescents coming from highly urbanized areas perceived cannabis to be more readily available, and they had a higher prevalence of frequent cannabis use. The higher availability mediated the sociogeographic inequalities in cannabis use. The locality unemployment rate was unrelated to either of the two cannabis indicators. At the individual level of the adolescent respondent, the effect of perceived availability on cannabis use appears to be much stronger than that of the effect of cannabis use on perceived availability when reversed. Perceived availability was found to mediate sociogeographic inequalities in cannabis use among Czechs adolescents. If a higher availability increases opportunities for adolescent substance misuse, then alongside other preventive measures, a spatially integrated approach should be applied in the national drug policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Research On Availability and Adolescent Cannabis Usementioning

confidence: 99%

What Affects What? Perceived Cannabis Availability and Its Use Among Czech Urban Youth—A Multilevel Sociogeographic Analysis

2019

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“…La mayoría de los investigadores parecen contentarse con señalar que tanto la accesibilidad como la demanda son conceptos de una gran complejidad que implican otros muchos factores. Einstein (1981), por ejemplo, establece una distinción entre la accesibilidad física, social, económica y legal. Smart (1977) subraya el hecho de que los estudios sobre las actitudes y las experiencias de los jóvenes ante las drogas sólo sirven para mostrar su forma de percibir dicha accesibilidad.…”

Section: Investigaciones Anteriores Sobre El Papel De La Accesibilida...unclassified

Evaluación del programa preventivo DARE en Suecia

Lindstöm¹,

Svensson²

1999

Adicciones

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Demand for and Supply of Drugs among School Youth. An Evaluation of the Swedish Dare Program

Lindstrom¹,

Svensson²

1998

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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Illicit drug use among high school students is on the rise in Sweden as well as in other countries. This fact has put high demand on the police, who are not only expected to reduce the availability of drugs but also to take part in the effort to affect the students' demand for drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze what impact students' demand for and perceived availability of illicit drugs in the seventh grade have on their attitudes towards and experience with drugs in the eigth grade. Moreover, the purpose was to investigate to what extent a specific police-led school-based drug prevention program, the project DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education), affects students' attitudes and experiences regarding drugs. As a part in an ongoing evaluation of the Swedish DARE program (called VÅGA) about 1 800 students in 22 Swedish junior high schools on three occasions anonymously answered questions about their attitudes towards and experiences with drugs. Contextual analysis was used to estimate the significance of various student-level risk-factors (such as family bonding, school involvement, and peer activity) and school aggregated contextual factors. The results show that students' curiosity and perceived availability of illicit drugs at the school-level have statistically significant effects on drug-related attitudes and experiences at the individual-student level. The attitudes towards and experiences with drugs in the eigth grade of students who participated in the DARE program in the seventh grade were not different from those of students who did not participate in the program. A brief discussion of what measures the police should conduct in order to block the availability of drugs and what their role in schools should be are finally presented.

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Drug Use Intervention Concepts: Availability

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

What Affects What? Perceived Cannabis Availability and Its Use Among Czech Urban Youth—A Multilevel Sociogeographic Analysis

What Affects What? Perceived Cannabis Availability and Its Use Among Czech Urban Youth—A Multilevel Sociogeographic Analysis

Evaluación del programa preventivo DARE en Suecia

Demand for and Supply of Drugs among School Youth. An Evaluation of the Swedish Dare Program

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