Drug use in the year after prison

Western, Bruce; Simes, Jessica T.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112357

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…One study indicated that 20% of adult prisoners used illicit drugs in the first year upon release. 8 Other studies have found higher estimates indicating that approximately 30% of adult prisoners used illicit drugs within one day after release and 50% used after just two weeks. 9 Expanding the criteria of substance abuse to include alcohol in addition to illicit drugs, the numbers became staggering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Substance Use Rates of Veterans with Depression Leaving Incarceration: A Matched Sample Comparison with General Veterans

2020

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Formerly incarcerated military veterans—comprising approximately 8% of the prison population—experience significant barriers to reentry including homelessness, mental illness, and mortality. One of the most consequential barriers is relapsing into substance use. Most justice-involved veterans (JIV) possess histories of substance abuse before imprisonment, and this rate continues upon release. Mental illness—depression in particular—is often comorbid with substance abuse. With high rates of depression and substance use in a JIV population, it is important to determine to what extent release from prison contributes to predicting substance use and negative clinical outcomes. This study compares rates of substance use and negative outcomes between two matched samples of JIV and general veterans, both with depression and a substance use disorder. It is hypothesized that JIV will have a higher rate of substance use and that use will be associated with higher negative outcomes in the JIV condition. Rates of use of veterans released from prison and general veterans were collected during six-year follow-up periods. Use was defined as the use of an illicit substance or alcohol, if an alcohol use disorder was present, and determined by urine drug tests or self-report recorded in medical notes. Results indicate that JIV used substances at a higher rate compared to those not recently incarcerated, and that such use is predictive of several other negative outcomes including homelessness, use of inpatient substance treatment, and reincarceration. Structured drug treatment programs and other interventions should cater to veterans recently released from prison to offer help in these areas.

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confidence: 97%

Substance Use Rates of Veterans with Depression Leaving Incarceration: A Matched Sample Comparison with General Veterans

2020

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“…The association between imprisonment and drug use is mentioned in several previous studies. Western et al showed that chance of illicit drug and medication use increases in the year after prison release [ 21 ]. In another study conducted by Boys et al [ 22 ], indicated that prisons are a high-risk environment for heroin and other drug initiation and use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV infection and high-risk behaviors in truck and bus drivers in Kurdistan province

et al. 2021

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Background Truck, bus, transit drivers, and men with mobile jobs are at high risk for HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV and risky behaviors among truck and bus drivers in Kurdistan province. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 601 bus and truck drivers in Kurdistan province during 2018–2019. Data on high-risk behaviors were collected using a standard questionnaire. ELISA test was used to detect HIV in the study participants. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U tests, and logistic regression modeling in Stata-14 software. Results The mean and standard deviation of the age of study participants was 44.04 ± 11.44 years. HIV rapid test was positive in two subjects; in other words, the prevalence of HIV in the study population was 0.33%. Ninety-two (15.3%) individuals reported a history of drug use, with one (1.1%) having a history of injecting drugs. One hundred and thirty-one (21.8%) of them had a history of high-risk sexual behavior outside of marriage. Conclusion According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of high-risk behaviors in bus and truck drivers is high. It seems necessary to direct the drivers’ attention to self-care while considering disciplinary intervention programs to prevent the use of drugs, cigarettes, alcohol along with high-risk sexual behaviors to maintain the health of drivers and passengers.

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“…Imprisonment, whether for drug or other offenses, actually leads to much higher risk of drug overdose upon release [ 10 ]. More than half of people in prison have an untreated substance use disorder [ 11 ], and illicit drug and medication use typically greatly increases following a period of imprisonment [ 12 ]. When it involves an untreated opioid use disorder, relapse to drug use can be fatal due to loss of opioid tolerance that may have occurred while the person was incarcerated.…”

Section: Ineffective Punishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction should be treated, not penalized

Volkow

2021

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Drug use in the year after prison

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Substance Use Rates of Veterans with Depression Leaving Incarceration: A Matched Sample Comparison with General Veterans

Substance Use Rates of Veterans with Depression Leaving Incarceration: A Matched Sample Comparison with General Veterans

Prevalence of HIV infection and high-risk behaviors in truck and bus drivers in Kurdistan province

Addiction should be treated, not penalized

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