Drug use among students of Tanta University: prevalence and correlates

Kabbash, Ibrahim Ali; Zidan, Omar Omar; Younis, Eman

doi:10.1080/14659891.2022.2120430

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This figure contrasts notably with a more extensive study in Egypt, which found a prevalence of 12.3% among 1173 university students [ 10 ]. In a considerably broader survey in the same country, another analyzed tramadol use across a large student population of 7445, revealing a lower overall prevalence rate of 3% [ 93 ]. Similarly, two other studies show a low prevalence of tramadol misuse among diverse student populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and health consequences of nonmedical use of tramadol in Africa: A systematic scoping review

Boun,

Omonaiye,

Yaya

2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Tramadol is a widely prescribed painkiller around the world. As a synthetic opioid, it offers a valuable substitute for morphine and its derivatives in African countries. However, the adverse health effects of tramadol use resulting from illicit trafficking, like those caused by fentanyl and methadone in North America, have not been well-documented in Africa. This scoping review aims to shed light on the nature and scope of the nonmedical use (NMU) of tramadol in Africa and its associated health consequences. To carry out our scoping review, we used Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-step approach for exploratory analysis and followed Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews to ensure systematic and replicable studies. We then searched six databases: Medline, Global Health (EBSCO), Scopus, Web of Science, the African Journals online database, and for grey literature via Google Scholar without any time restriction. The articles were imported into Covidence and reviewed by two independent researchers. Eighty-three studies on NMU of tramadol’s prevalence or health consequences were selected from 532 titles/abstracts screened, including 60 cross-sectional and six qualitative studies from 10 African countries. Findings from the included studies highlighted five distinct groups significantly affected by the NMU of tramadol. These groups include: 1) young adults/active populations with varying degrees of prevalence ranging from 1.9% to 77.04%, 2) professionals, where drivers exhibit a relatively high prevalence of tramadol NMU, ranging from 7.2% to 35.1%, and commercial motorcyclists, with a prevalence of 76%, 3) patients, who have a high rate of tramadol NMUs, with prevalence rates ranging from 77.1% to 92%, 4) academics, with a considerable rate of tramadol misuse among substance-using undergraduates (74.2%) and substance-using high school students (83.3%), and 5) other individuals impacted in various ways. The health consequences are classified into four distinct types: intoxication, dependence syndrome, withdrawal syndrome and other symptoms. Despite providing a comprehensive global overview of the phenomenon described in the African literature, this systematic scoping review’s main limitations stem from the relatively limited exploration of various consequences of the NMU of tramadol, notably those of a social and economic nature. Our review shows that tramadol misuse affects diverse populations in Africa. The prevalence of misuse varies within sub-populations, indicating the complexity of the issue. Professional and academic groups have different rates of misuse across regions. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to address unique challenges contributing to tramadol misuse. Future studies should focus on the social and economic costs of abuse on households to better understand the impact on well-being. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/ykt25/.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and health consequences of nonmedical use of tramadol in Africa: A systematic scoping review

Boun,

Omonaiye,

Yaya

2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…While the prevalence of smokers was 12.3% among students at Hawler Medical University/Iraq in 2007 [31], at Karbala University/Iraq in 2005 was 10.5% [32] while in 2009 it was 19.4% [33], 233 out of 500 students were smokers at Hilla college/ Babylon/Iraq in 2021 [34]. While among college students in other countries: Alkhalaf et alat KSA found 12.4% of medical students were smokers [35], 8.9% by Kabbash et al in Egypt [36], 15.1% in UAE by Ahmed et al [37], 51.4% by Alolabi et al [38] in Syria, 6.8% by Telayneh et al in Ethiopia [39]. The PCV level between smokers and non-smokers was also investigated and showed that the smokers had higher levels of PCV than non-smokers as shown by other researchers [40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Packed cell volume and its relation to obesity, gender and smoking status

Abdulqader

2023

Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica

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Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the packed cell volume (PCV) correlation with body mass index, body fat percentage, also differences between genders and smokers & non-smokers, among Iraqi students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 112 healthy individuals (from which 52.7% were males), aged between 18-23 years old, in December 2022. A short informative history was taken through a questionnaire, anthropometric measures were taken to calculate body mass index and body fat percentage, and the determination of packed cell volume was done by the Microhematocrit method. Results: Packed cell volume among males was higher 47.45±3.409% than for females 39.90±3.169%, with a difference statistically significant (p=0.000), also the correlation of PCV revealed direct significance with body mass index (p=0.011) and indirect statistically significant with body fat percentage (p=0.000). The prevalence rate of smoking was 13.4% and the level of PCV among smokers was 46.80±6.085%, significantly higher (p=0.015) than among non-smokers 43.43±4.702%. Conclusion: Packed cell volume showed a direct correlation with body mass index, an inverse one with the body fat percentage, and was significantly higher among young smokers, emphasising the idea that this parameter can help to evaluate the health risk and to be included in preventive programs and assessment protocols.

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