Drug treatment services for adult offenders: The state of the state

Abstract

We conducted a national survey of prisons, jails, and community correctional agencies to estimate the prevalence of entry into and accessibility of correctional programs and drug treatment services for adult offenders. Substance abuse education and awareness is the most prevalent form of service provided, being offered in 74% of prisons, 61% of jails, and 53% of community correctional agencies; at the same time, remedial education is the most frequently available correctional program in prisons (89%) and jails (59.5%), whereas sex offender therapy (57.2%) and intensive supervision (41.9%) dominate in community correctional programs. Most substance abuse services provided to offenders are offered through correctional programs such as intensive supervision, day reporting, vocational education, and work release, among others. Although agencies report a high frequency of providing substance abuse services, the prevalence rates are misleading because less than a quarter of the offenders in prisons and jails and less than 10% of those in community correctional agencies have access to these services through correctional agencies; in addition, these are predominantly drug treatment services that offer few clinical services. Given that drug-involved offenders are likely to have dependence rates that are four times greater than those among the general public, the drug treatment services and correctional programs available to offenders do not appear to be appropriate for the needs of this population. The National Criminal Justice Treatment Practices survey provides a better understanding of the distribution of services and programs across prisons, jails, and community correctional agencies and allows researchers and policymakers to understand some of the gaps in services and programs that may negatively affect recidivism reduction efforts.

Why It's Inappropriate Not to Treat Incarcerated Patients with Opioid Agonist Therapy

“…Importantly, this ruling has advanced the quality of correctional health care for most medical conditions though not necessarily for the treatment of addiction [34]. An ethical challenge unique to physicians working within criminal justice settings is that the patient's well-being is not the sole driver of treatment.…”

Research on drug abuse and addiction treatment in prisons

“…Zavisnost od droga usko je povezana sa vršenjem krivičnih dela, tako da je očekivan i visok procenat osuđenih sa ovim problemom u penalnim ustanovama. Primetan je i porast broja osuđenih na kazne zatvora zbog dela povezanih sa drogom u svetu i kod nas (Ilijić i Jovanić, 2015;Taxman, Perdoni & Harrison, 2007). U SAD zatvorenici koji su počinili krivična dela povezana sa drogom u državnim zatvorima čine 21% slučajeva (podatak za 2002. godinu) i 58% u federalnim zatvorima (podatak za 2003. godinu) (Welsh, 2007).…”

“…Učestalije potrebe za bolničkim tretmanom kod zatvorenica moguće je obrazložiti češćim prisustvom problema mentalnog zdravlja u odnosu na muškarce (Houser et al, 2011). Iako je očigledno da postoje potrebe za tretmanom zavisnosti od droga, dve trećine zatvorenika kojima je to potrebno ne bude uključeno u programe tokom izvršenja kazne zatvora (Belenko, Kimberly & Houser 2012, Taxman et al, 2007. Od ukupnog broja zatvorenika koji imaju potrebu za tretmanom, manje od 15% prijavljuje da su bili podvrgnuti bilo kom obliku intervencije (Welsh & Zajac, 2004).…”

“…Od ukupnog broja zatvorenika koji imaju potrebu za tretmanom, manje od 15% prijavljuje da su bili podvrgnuti bilo kom obliku intervencije (Welsh & Zajac, 2004). Kada se posmatraju vrste dostupnih programa tretmana, Nacionalna studija vršena u Americi na uzorku od 98 državnih (prisons) i 57 lokalnih zatvora (jails) pokazala je da se najzastupljenije intervencije odnose na edukaciju i podizanje svesti o štetnosti zloupotrebe droga, odnosno u 74% državnih i 61% lokalnih zatvora (Taxman et al, 2007). U odnosu na efektivnost tretmana zloupotrebe i zavisnosti od droga koji se sprovode u penalnim ustanovama u Americi, pregledom brojnih studija ustanovljeno je da programi zasnovani na terapijskim zajednicama daju najbolje rezultate.…”

Adoption of Injectable Naltrexone in U.S. Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs

“…In particular, the use of agonist SUD medications is limited by its being viewed in the criminal justice system as drug substitution (Friedmann et al, 2012;Marlowe, 2011;McMillan & Lapham, 2005;Walters et al, 2007). Other studies using samples of prisons, jails, or community corrections agencies indicate that MAT is rarely used (Friedmann et al, 2012;Matusow et al, 2013;Taxman et al, 2007). As a result, a treatment center's connection with the criminal justice system has been shown to be associated with both less adoption and less sustained use of medications for AUD and opioid use disorder (Abraham et al, 2011;Ducharme et al, 2006;Knudsen & Roman, 2012).…”