Drug resistance in fecal enterococci in Hong Kong

Boost, Maureen; Lai, Lydia; O'Donoghue, Margaret May

doi:10.1007/s10156-004-0337-z

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Resistance rates to ampicillin was observed in 87.5% of E . faecium isolates which is higher than 31.4% resistance rates reported from Hong Kong [5] and 66.7% in Gaza [29]. However, similar to 87.5% resistance rate reported from Israel among high risk patients [31] and comparable to 82% resistant rate reported from Iran [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…faecalis because their penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) have lower affinities for these antibiotics and some strains have plasmid-encoded β-lactamase [1]. In our study, the 14.7% resistance rate to ampicillin in E. faecalis isolates was higher than the 0–8.3% resistance rates reported in Kuwait, Hong Kong, and Brazil [5, 18, 27] and comparable to 15% resistant rates reported in Iran [28] and 15.7% in Saudi Arabia [25] and lower than 60.7% reported in Gaza [29] and 66% in India [30]. Resistance rates to ampicillin was observed in 87.5% of E .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The emergence of vancomycin resistance Enterococci (VRE) has alarmed the global infectious diseases community due to few option left for disease management [4]. Besides drug resistant Enterococci colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients are the major source of infection as well as nosocomial spread [5]. Several trends have been identified in the epidemiology of enterococcal infections: an increasing incidence of enterococcal infections particularly among the severely ill hospitalized patients, an increasing proportion of nosocomial enterococcal infections caused by Enterococcus faecium and an increasing level of resistance to ampicillin, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptides [4–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonization may occur long before or immediately before infection, but either way, it plays a major role in the development of nosocomial infection [5]. Despite the importance of these etiologic agents there is paucity of information regarding antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tract of hospitalized patients in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

2015

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BackgroundMulti-drug-resistant Enterococci colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients are the major source of infection as well as nosocomial spread. Despite worldwide increasing rate of multidrug resistant Enterococci colonization and infection among hospitalized patients, there is scarcity of data from resource limited setting. The present study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was conducted among hospitalized patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, from January to July 2013. Fecal samples were collected and processed for bacterial isolation and susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents. Stool samples were inoculated onto enterococcus selective media (Bile Esculin azide agar plate) with and without 6 µg/ml of vancomycin. The isolates were identified to genus and species level by cultural characteristics, Gram’s stain, catalase test, growth in 6.5% NaCl broth, growth at 45°C, motility test and by using API 20 Streptococcus system. Sensitivity testing was done using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for vancomycin were determined using E-test strips.ResultOverall, Enterococci were isolated from 114 (76%) of the study subjects. The isolates were Enterococcus faecium (35.1%) followed by Enterococcusfaecalis (29.8%), Enterococcus gallinarum (17.5%), Enterococcuscasseliflavus (8.8%) and Enterococcusdurans (8.8%). Among 114 tested Enterococci isolates, 41 (36%) were resistant to ampicillin, 62 (54.4%) to streptomycin and 39 (34.2%) to gentamycin. Other alternative antibiotics to treat mixed nosocomial infection caused by Enterococci also showed high rate of resistance in vitro: ciprofloxacin (50% of resistance), norfloxacin (49.1%), erythromycin (63.2%), tetracycline (64.9%), chloramphenicol (34.2%), and nitrofrantoin (32.4%). Multiple drug resistance was observed among 89.5% of E. faecium and E. faecalis. Vancomycin resistant Enterococci were observed in 5% of E. faecium isolates.ConclusionThis study reveals high rate of fecal colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterococci and prevalence of vancomycin resistance strains. Thus periodic surveillance of antibacterial susceptibilities is recommended to detect emerging resistance and to prevent the spread of antibacterial-resistant strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

2015

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“…The results showed that a high eradication rate was obtained from patients with dual resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin H. pylori infection [7] . Resistance to fluoroquinolones is common in Hong Kong: Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.5-14.3%) [19,[27][28][29][30][31] , M. catarrhalis (2.2%) [16] , Acinetobacter baumannii (13.5%) [32] , Campylobacter jejuni (85.9%) [33] , enterococci (38.9-40.5%) [34] , Neisseria gonorrhoeae (80%) [35] and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (82%) [36] . Therefore, caution should be taken when using levofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones to eradicate H. pylori particularly in this part of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levofloxacin-Resistant <i>Helicobacter pylori </i>in Hong Kong

Lee

Lee²,

Chan

et al. 2007

Chemotherapy

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Background: Fluoroquinolone-resistant Helicobacter pylori emerged in 1995 and the resistance was due to point mutation in the gyrA gene. In this study we investigate the resistance mechanism and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline and telithromycin against levofloxacin-resistant H. pylori in Hong Kong. Methods: One hundred and ninety-one nonduplicate H. pylori isolates were collected during 2004 and 2005, and 25 isolates with levofloxacin zone sizes less than 30 mm were selected for minimal inhibitory concentration determination by agar dilution, gyrA gene amplication and sequencing the amplified gyrA gene. Results: The prevalence of levofloxacin-resistant H. pylori was 11.5% (22/191). Among these levofloxacin-resistant strains, 7 (31.8%) and 10 (45.5%) were resistant to clarithromycin and metronidazole, respectively, 17 (77.3%) had point mutations in gyrA gene at amino acids 87, 91 and 130 and the most frequent mutation point was at position 91. Conclusions: Amoxicillin, tetracycline and telithromycin were active against levofloxacin-resistantH. pylori and levofloxacin resistance was mainly due to point mutation in the gyrA gene, especially at amino acid position 91.

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Study of Vancomycin Resistance in Faecal Enterococci from Healthy Humans and Dogs in Spain a Decade after the Avoparcin Ban in Europe

López¹,

Tenorio²,

Torres³

2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

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One hundred and 26 faecal samples from healthy dogs (2009) and 157 faecal samples from healthy humans (2007) from La Rioja region (Spain) were tested to know the carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE with intrinsic resistance (vanC) were found in 12% of healthy dogs and humans (29 Enterococcus gallinarum and four Enterococcus casseliflavus). Nevertheless, VRE with acquired mechanism of resistance were not detected among these samples. Four Enterococcus faecalis isolates with vancomycin MIC of 8-16 mg L(-1) were recovered in human samples, but no single organism with known mechanism of acquired resistance could be identified. These 37 VRE isolates (33 E. gallinarum/E. casseliflavus and four E. faecalis) of dog and human origin were further characterized (PCR detection of antibiotic resistance, virulence and bacteriocin genes). High prevalence of tetracycline resistance was identified (70%), especially among dog isolates harbouring tet(M) ± tet(L) genes; erythromycin resistance was also higher among isolates from dogs and they harboured the erm(B) gene, associated with erm(A) gene in one case. Virulence genes were only identified among E. faecalis isolates of human origin (agg, cpd and/or gelE) and never among E. gallinarum/E. casseliflavus of human or dog origin. Five E. gallinarum isolates of dog and three E. faecalis of human origin expressed bacteriocin activity; among them, only one E. faecalis presented activity against Listeria monocytogenes. The bacteriocin structural gene ef1097 was identified in 3 bacteriocin-producing E. faecalis isolates, associated with ent1071 in one of them.

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Drug resistance in fecal enterococci in Hong Kong

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia

Levofloxacin-Resistant <i>Helicobacter pylori </i>in Hong Kong

Study of Vancomycin Resistance in Faecal Enterococci from Healthy Humans and Dogs in Spain a Decade after the Avoparcin Ban in Europe

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