Drug resistance and susceptibility testing of Gram negative bacterial isolates from healthy cattle with different β – Lactam resistance Phenotypes from Shandong province China

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of common antibiotics against different microorganisms in apparently healthy cattle in Shandong province and its suburb. A total of 220 nasal swab samples were collected and cultured for bacteriological evaluation. All the bacteria isolates after preliminary identification were subjected to antibiogram studies following disc diffusion method. It was found in the study that E. coli is the most commonly associated isolate (21%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Salmonella spp. (15%), Shigella spp (12%), and Proteus spp (11%). While the antibiogram studies reveled that highest number of bacterial isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin (95%), followed by Augmentin (91%), Cefuroxime (85%) and Tetracycline (95%) of (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp). In the case of pseudomonas spp. and Salmonella the highest resistance was showed by Ampicillin (90%) followed by Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (80%), Cefixime (90%), and Erythromycin (80%). In Shigella spp and Salmonella spp highest resistance was showed by Amoxicillin, Ceftazidime, Augmentin (60%), and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (50%). It is concluded that in vitro antibiogram studies of bacterial isolates revealed higher resistance for Ampicillin, Augmentin, Cefuroxime, Cefixime, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid. The high multiple Antibiotics resistance indexes (MARI) observed in all the isolates in this study ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. MARI value of >0.2 is suggests multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and indicate presence of highly resistant bacteria.

Evaluation of in vitro antibacterial effect of essential oil and some herbal plant extract used against mastitis pathogens

“…These findings of these studies were agreement to the previous study by Arbab et al. ( 2021c ). The values found were similar to other research results (Arbab et al., 2021d ).…”

Effects of EOs vs. Antibiotics on E. coli Strains Isolated from Drinking Waters of Grazing Animals in the Upper Molise Region, Italy

“…One of the factors that may have favored the selection of resistant bacteria within the farm is the repeated use of antibiotic therapies. Among the objectives of the plans to combat basic antibiotic resistance is the reduction of the use of drugs in the livestock sector, especially if used improperly, as an alternative to compliance with good farming practices and company biosecurity [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Antimicrobial drug resistance against Escherichia coli and its harmful effect on animal health

“…The creation of mechanisms of resistance to β-lactamases frequently frequent bacteria against β-lactam drugs (Arbab et al, 2021c).…”

“…The creation of mechanisms of resistance to β‐lactamases frequently frequent bacteria against β‐lactam drugs (Arbab et al., 2021c). Initially, E. coli characterised chromosomally encoded β‐lactamases and ampC from the gene (called ampicillin resistance).…”

“…E. coli are normally found in the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals, but some strains have acquired pathogenic or toxigenic virulence factors that make them virulent to humans and animals (Malik & Memona, 2010). A high prevalence of E. coli poses a potential risk to animals and human health (Arbab et al, 2021b(Arbab et al, , 2021c.…”