Drug Overdose Deaths Head Toward Record Number in 2020, CDC Warns

Stephenson, Joan

doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2020.1318

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Data from the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) show that overdose-related cardiac arrests have risen sharply [3]. Provisional data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that overdose deaths are on pace to reach a new all-time high in 2020 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-month outcomes from a patient-centered program to treat opioid use disorder in Iowa, USA

Lynch

Weber

Hedden

et al. 2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background Opioid use disorder (OUD), a chronic disease, is a major public health problem. Despite availability of effective treatment, too few people receive it and treatment retention is low. Understanding barriers and facilitators of treatment access and retention is needed to improve outcomes for people with OUD. Objectives To assess 3-month outcomes pilot data from a patient-centered OUD treatment program in Iowa, USA, that utilized flexible treatment requirements and prioritized engagement over compliance. Methods Forty patients (62.5% female: mean age was 35.7 years, SD 9.5) receiving medication, either buprenorphine or naltrexone, to treat OUD were enrolled in an observational study. Patients could select or decline case management, counseling, and peer recovery groups. Substance use, risk and protective factors, and recovery capital were measured at intake and 3 months. Results Most participants reported increased recovery capital. The median Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) score went from 37 at enrollment to 43 (p < 0.01). Illegal drug use decreased, with the median days using illegal drugs in the past month dropping from 10 to 0 (p < 0.001). Cravings improved: 29.2% reported no cravings at intake and 58.3% reported no cravings at 3 months (p < 0.001). Retention rate was 92.5% at 3 months. Retention rate for participants who were not on probation/parole was higher (96.9%) than for those on probation/parole (62.5%, p = 0.021). Conclusion This study shows preliminary evidence that a care model based on easy and flexible access and strategies to improve treatment retention improves recovery capital, reduces illegal drug use and cravings, and retains people in treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-month outcomes from a patient-centered program to treat opioid use disorder in Iowa, USA

Lynch

Weber

Hedden

et al. 2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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“…A recent report published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that approximately 81,230 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States between June 2019 and May 2020, which is the largest number of drug overdoses for a 12-month period ever recorded (2). The increases in drug overdose deaths appear to have accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural and Urban Differences in Overdose Response and Prevention Among Persons Who Inject Drugs

Walters

Felsher

Frank

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundOverdose is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people who inject drugs (PWID). Illicitly manufactured fentanyl is now a major driver of opioid overdose deaths. This analysis explores rural-urban differences in overdose experiences among PWID. We focus on perceptions of fentanyl and overdose prevention and reversal strategies.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 59 participants who injected drugs, 19 from rural southern Illinois and 40 from New York City (NYC). Seven key informants were also interviewed (three from Illinois and four from NYC) to provide additional perspectives. Data were analyzed using constant comparison and theoretical sampling methods.ResultsParticipants in urban NYC described most commonly injecting heroin and fentanyl, which differed from the rural Illinois drug market that was dominated by methamphetamines. Despite these geographic differences, participants from both locations were concerned about the growing presence of fentanyl in their drug supply and many disclosed overdose experiences. Strategies to lower overdose risk included purchasing drugs from trusted network members and partial drug injection, however, fentanyl test strip use was low in both locations. A key difference emerged related to the use of naloxone; NYC participants commonly described using naloxone as a primary overdose response, but participants in rural Illinois did not. Low naloxone use in Illinois was attributed to perceived risks of its use, such as fear of arrest and opioid withdrawal symptoms the naloxone receiver may experience. ConclusionsDespite similarities in fentanyl awareness and concern, important rural-urban differences emerged related to access to overdose prevention and reversal resources. Findings can inform regional-specific interventions to reduce overdose risk among PWID.

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“…Data from the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) show that overdose-related cardiac arrests have risen sharply (3). Provisional data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that overdose deaths are on pace to reach a new all-time high in 2020 (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-month outcomes from a patient-centered program to treat opioid use disorder in Iowa, USA

Lynch

Weber

Hedden

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD), a chronic disease, is a major public health problem. Despite availability of effective treatment, too few people receive it and treatment retention is low. Understanding barriers and facilitators of treatment access and retention is needed to improve outcomes for people with OUD.Objectives: To assess 3-month outcomes pilot data from a patient-centered OUD treatment program in Iowa, USA, that utilized flexible treatment requirements and prioritized engagement over compliance. Methods: Forty patients (62.5% female: mean age was 35.7 years, SD 9.5) receiving medication, either buprenorphine or naltrexone, to treat OUD were enrolled in an observational study. Patients could select or decline case management, counseling, and peer recovery groups. Substance use, risk and protective factors, and recovery capital were measured at intake and 3 months. Results: Most participants reported increased recovery capital. The median Assessment of Recovery Capital (ARC) score went from 37 at enrollment to 43 (p<0.01). Illegal drug use decreased, with the median days using illegal drugs in the past month dropping from 10 to 0 (p<0.001). Cravings improved: 29.2% reported no cravings at intake and 58.3% reported no cravings at 3 months (p<0.001). Retention rate was 92.5% at 3 months. Retention rate for participants who were not on probation/parole was higher (96.9%) than for those on probation/parole (62.5%, p=0.021). Conclusion: This study shows preliminary evidence that a care model based on easy and flexible access and strategies to improve treatment retention improves recovery capital, reduces illegal drug use and cravings, and retains people in treatment.

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Drug Overdose Deaths Head Toward Record Number in 2020, CDC Warns

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Three-month outcomes from a patient-centered program to treat opioid use disorder in Iowa, USA

Three-month outcomes from a patient-centered program to treat opioid use disorder in Iowa, USA

Rural and Urban Differences in Overdose Response and Prevention Among Persons Who Inject Drugs

Three-month outcomes from a patient-centered program to treat opioid use disorder in Iowa, USA

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