Drug-onset cues as signals: Intraadministration associations and tolerance.

Kim, Joseph A.; Siegel, Shepard; Patenall, Victoria R. A.

doi:10.1037/0097-7403.25.4.491

Cited by 59 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The method in these experiments consisted of giving a low dose of a drug, paired with a subsequent larger dose of the same drug. These studies have demonstrated acquisition and extinction effects when the low dose of the drug served as the CS (Cepeda-Benito & Short, 1997;Greeley, Lê, Poulos, & Cappell, 1984;Kim, Siegel, & Patenall, 1999;Sokolowska, Siegel, & Kim, 2002). However, these experiments have not compared the relative effectiveness of arbitrary versus drug cues as signals for subsequent drug administration and have not examined such manipulations as blocking, CS-US interval effects, or second-order conditioning.…”

Section: Us-us Versus Cs-us Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning with arbitrary versus ecological conditioned stimuli: Evidence from sexual conditioning

Domjan

Cusato

Krause

2004

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Laboratory investigations of Pavlovian conditioning typically involve the association of an arbitrary conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that has no inherent relation to the CS. However, arbitrary CSs are unlikely to become conditioned outside the laboratory, because they do not occur often enough with the US to result in an association. Learning under natural circumstances is likely only if the CS has a preexisting relation to the US. Recent studies of sexual conditioning have shown that in contrast to an arbitrary CS, an ecologically relevant CS is resistant to blocking, extinction, and increases in the CS-US interval and results in sensitized responding and stronger secondorder conditioning. Although the mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood, these findings have shown that signature learning phenomena are significantly altered when the kinds of stimuli that are likely to become conditioned under natural circumstances are used. The implications of these findings for an ecological approach to the study of learning are discussed.

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Section: Us-us Versus Cs-us Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning with arbitrary versus ecological conditioned stimuli: Evidence from sexual conditioning

Domjan

Cusato

Krause

2004

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…In an early demonstration with rats, Greeley et al (1984) found that a low dose of ethanol (0.8 g/kg) reliably paired with a later higher dose of ethanol (2.5 g/kg) came to control an increase in body temperature (i.e., a compensatory hyperthermic CR). For a more recent example, see the research of Siegel and colleagues with morphine (Kim et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine as a signal for the presence or absence of sucrose reward: a Pavlovian drug appetitive conditioning preparation in rats

et al. 2004

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Abstract:Rationale: In Pavlovian conditioning research, nicotine is typically conceptualized as the unconditioned stimulus (US) that becomes associated with an exteroceptive conditioned stimulus (CS). This research has not explored the possibility that nicotine can also function as a CS. Objectives: The present research examined whether nicotine served as a CS for the presence (CS+) or absence (CS-) of sucrose and started defi ning its specifi city. Methods and results: Rats trained in the CS+ condition had nicotine (0.4 mg/ kg, base) paired intermittently with brief access to sucrose. Intermixed were saline sessions without sucrose. Nicotine acquired the ability to evoke goal tracking. This conditioned response (CR) decreased across extinction sessions. The CR was sensitive to nicotine dose (ED 50 =0.113 mg/kg) and administration to testing interval; 0-min and 100-min delays produced no CR. The CS properties were specifi c to nicotine in that amphetamine and bupropion substitution was incomplete. Rats in the CS-condition received similar discrimination training except that sucrose was paired with saline. Nicotine also served as a CS-; the saline state CS+ acquired control of goal tracking. Mecamylamine, but not hexamethonium, blocked nicotine's ability to serve as a CS+ and CS-, indicating a role for central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Conclusions: Nicotine served as a signal for the presence or absence of sucrose. The extinction, CS-, and substitution results eliminated a psycho motor stimulant account. The conceptualization of nicotine as a CS suggests novel empirical research in which a drug acquires additional inhibitory and/ or excitatory value based on other outcomes present during its effects.

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“…Although these arguments were developed to account for changes in the analgesic responses to morphine (Daf-f f ters & Bach, 1985;Grisel, Wiertelak, Watkins, & Maier, 1994;Kim et al, 1999;Walter & Riccio, 1983), they may apply to the present results as well. Specifically, morphine was administered subcutaneously in the present studies and is assumed to have a gradual, slow onset of effect, which would overshadow the drug injection cues, subsequently producing the preexposure effect via a pharmacological mechanism (i.e., see Kim et al, 1999;Siegel et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Specifically, morphine was administered subcutaneously in the present studies and is assumed to have a gradual, slow onset of effect, which would overshadow the drug injection cues, subsequently producing the preexposure effect via a pharmacological mechanism (i.e., see Kim et al, 1999;Siegel et al, 2000). If this is the case, degrading the association of the injection cues with morphine's effects by administering extinction injections would not be expected to alter the preexposure effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work addressing the basis for associative and nonassociative tolerance of morphine-induced analgesia may provide some insight into the effects reported with morphine and LiCl in the US preexposure effect in taste aversion learning. Specifically, it has been argued that the likelihood of demonstrating associative or nonassociative tolerance in morphine-induced analgesia may be a function of the onset of drug action (Greeley & Ryan, 1995;Kim, Siegel, & Patenall, 1999;Siegel, 2008;Siegel, Baptista, Kim, McDonald, & WeiseKelly, 2000). If animals are administered morphine via an intraperitoneal injection, there is a rapid onset of drug action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of injection cues in the production of the morphine preexposure effect in taste aversion learning

Davis

Brugada

Riley

2010

Learning & Behavior

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Given that the attenuating effects of LiCl preexposure on LiCl‐induced taste aversions have been reported to be controlled associatively, via injection‐related cues, the present experiment examined the effects of morphine exposure on morphine‐induced taste aversions to assess the generality of this control. Specifically, in Experiment 1 rats were exposed to morphine every other day for five exposures prior to aversion conditioning in which saccharin was paired with morphine (5 mg/kg) for five trials. Between preexposure and conditioning, rats were either injected with saline for eight consecutive days (extinction) or received no treatment. Morphine exposure attenuated the morphine CTA, an attenuation unaffected by saline injections (i.e., extinction of the morphine‐associated cues). Experiment 2 showed that increasing the number of extinction injections to 16 had no effect on morphine preexposure, although it was somewhat weakened in all preexposed groups due to the increased time between preexposure and conditioning. Unlike with LiCl, the attenuating effects of morphine preexposure in aversion learning are most likely controlled by nonassociative mechanisms, such as drug tolerance. Supported by a grant from the Mellon Foundation to ALR.

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Drug-onset cues as signals: Intraadministration associations and tolerance.

Cited by 59 publications

References 63 publications

Learning with arbitrary versus ecological conditioned stimuli: Evidence from sexual conditioning

Learning with arbitrary versus ecological conditioned stimuli: Evidence from sexual conditioning

Nicotine as a signal for the presence or absence of sucrose reward: a Pavlovian drug appetitive conditioning preparation in rats

The role of injection cues in the production of the morphine preexposure effect in taste aversion learning

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