Drug injection and HIV prevalence in inmates of Glenochil prison

Gore, Sheila M.; Bird, A. G.; Burns, S M; Goldberg, David J.; Ross, Alan J.; MacGregor, James N.

doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6975.293

Cited by 101 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It cannot be ruled out that the availability of sterile equipment may have facilitated initiation of injecting drug use in these persons. However, it is more likely that this finding reflects the natural incidence of injection drug use among inhalational heroin users in settings where peers frequently inject [1,5]. Overall, there was no evidence that the availability of sterile syringes led to an increase in drug consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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A syringe exchange programme in prison as prevention strategy against HIV infection and hepatitis B and C in Berlin, Germany

et al. 2005

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SUMMARYIn two prisons in Berlin, Germany, provision of sterile injection equipment for injecting drug users (IDUs) started in 1998. To assess the programme's impact, the frequency of injecting drug use and syringe sharing, and the incidence of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection were determined in a follow-up study. Of all IDUs (n=174), 75 % continued to inject. After the project start the level of syringe sharing declined from 71% during a 4-month period of previous imprisonment to 11% during the first 4 months of follow-up, and to virtually zero thereafter. Baseline seroprevalences for HIV, HBV, and HCV were 18, 53, and 82 %. HIV and HCV seroprevalence at baseline was significantly associated with drug injection in prison prior to the project start. No HIV and HBV seroconversions, but four HCV seroconversions occurred. The provision of syringes for IDUs in appropriate prison settings may contribute to a substantial reduction of syringe sharing. However, the prevention of HCV infection requires additional strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Injection drug use in prison carries a substantial risk of infection with bloodborne viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Prevention strategies are needed to reduce the risk of infection among incarcerated injecting drug users (IDUs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A syringe exchange programme in prison as prevention strategy against HIV infection and hepatitis B and C in Berlin, Germany

et al. 2005

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“…14,16 A number of studies conducted in the United States and elsewhere have found that a substantial proportion of prisoners engage in highrisk sexual activity and/or intravenous drug use while in prison. 14,16,17 In a recent Scottish study 5 it was demonstrated that 27% of the inmates reported injecting drug usage any time in life. Of those, 59% admitted using it inside the prison, of which a quarter had their first experience with injecting drugs in prison.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison

et al. 2000

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ObjectiveIt is an accepted fact that confinement conditions increase the risk of some infections related to sexual and/or injecting drugs practices. Mathematical techniques were applied to estimate time-dependent incidence densities of HIV infection among inmates. Methods A total of 631 prisoners from a Brazilian prison with 4,900 inmates at that time were interviewed and their blood drawn. Risky behavior for HIV infection was analyzed, and serological tests for HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis were performed, intended as surrogates for parenteral and sexual HIV transmission, respectively. Mathematical techniques were used to estimate the incidence density ratio, as related to the time of imprisonment. Results Prevalence were: HIV -16%; HCV -34%; and syphilis -18%. The main risk behaviors related to HIV infection were HCV prevalence (OR=10.49) and the acknowledged use of injecting drugs (OR=3.36). Incidence density ratio derivation showed that the risk of acquiring HIV infection increases with the time of imprisonment, peaking around three years after incarceration. ConclusionsThe correlation between HIV and HCV seroprevalence and the results of the mathematical analysis suggest that HIV transmission in this population is predominantly due to parenteral exposure by injecting drug, and that it increases with time of imprisonment. Resumo Objetivo

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“…[1][2][3] Many studies have shown that the prevalence of HIV infection is higher in the incarcerated population than in the general population, [4][5][6][7] and more recently other studies have shown that a greater proportion of inmates are infected with HCV than with HIV. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] People admitted to correctional facilities often have a history of injection drug use, needle-sharing and high-risk sexual behaviours.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among inmates of Quebec provincial prisons

Poulin¹,

Alary²,

Lambert³

et al. 2007

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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25 52Research I n the province of Quebec, as elsewhere, HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in incarcerated populations are of concern to public health and correctional service authorities. 1-3 Many studies have shown that the prevalence of HIV infection is higher in the incarcerated population than in the general population, 4-7 and more recently other studies have shown that a greater proportion of inmates are infected with HCV than with HIV. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] People admitted to correctional facilities often have a history of injection drug use, needle-sharing and high-risk sexual behaviours. 5,7,9,15 The practice of such risky behaviours is frequently continued during incarceration, 5,9,10,15-17 along with other potentially risky activities, such as being tattooed. 5,7,8,16 To date, there has been limited information regarding the burden of HCV infection among inmates of provincial prisons in Quebec, where HIV and HCV testing is available to inmates only on request. Better knowledge of infection rates would help disease prevention and management program planning.We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV and HCV infections among inmates in 7 provincial prisons in Quebec and to identify risk factors associated with prevalent HCV infection in this population. Methods BackgroundWe selected 7 provincial prisons from a total of 17 in the province of Quebec, to represent a diversity of settings. Of the 5 men's prisons, 1 was in Montréal, 1 was in Québec City, and 3 were in smaller cities in the eastern, western and northern regions of the province. The 2 women's prisons were both in urban settings (Québec City and Montréal). The total capacity of the participating prisons was 2077 beds for men and 162 beds for women, thus representing 52% of all 4303 beds in the Quebec network of provincial detention centres. On admission, information such as name, length of sentence and date of release is recorded in each prison's computer database.

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Drug injection and HIV prevalence in inmates of Glenochil prison

Cited by 101 publications

References 6 publications

A syringe exchange programme in prison as prevention strategy against HIV infection and hepatitis B and C in Berlin, Germany

A syringe exchange programme in prison as prevention strategy against HIV infection and hepatitis B and C in Berlin, Germany

Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison

Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus infections among inmates of Quebec provincial prisons

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