Drug-induced status epilepticus

Cock, Hannah R.

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.034

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Status epilepticus (SE) can also be classified according to the underlying aetiology (See Table ) . Data determining the principal causes of each of the semiological subtypes of SE are lacking.…”

Section: Aetiology Of Ncsementioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden in plain sight: Non-convulsive status epilepticus-Recognition and management

2017

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Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is an electroclinical state associated with an altered level of consciousness but lacking convulsive motor activity. It can present in a multitude of ways, but classification based on the clinical presentation and electroencephalographic appearances assists in determining prognosis and planning treatment. The aggressiveness of treatment should be based on the likely prognosis and the underlying cause of the NCSE.

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Section: Aetiology Of Ncsementioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden in plain sight: Non-convulsive status epilepticus-Recognition and management

2017

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“…Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency in childhood and associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with morbidity rates of 10–73/100,000 (135–156/100,000 among children under 2 years old) and mortality rates of 0–7% [1]. SE can be divided into two categories: convulsive (CSE) and nonconvulsive (NSE) [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sodium Valproate on Cognitive Function and Hippocampus of Rats After Convulsive Status Epilepticus

Hong

Zhong

et al. 2016

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the effect and possible mechanism of sodium valproate (VPA) on the cognitive function and the hippocampus of rats after convulsive status epilepticus (CES).Material/MethodsA rat model of CES was established and the Morris water maze was used to observe changes in the cognitive function of the rats after the administration of VPA. Acute hippocampal slices were made to detect field excitatory postsynaptic potential. Western blot analysis was used to test for the expression of CaMKII and p-CaMKII.Results(1) CSE caused no spatial reference memory (SFM) or spatial working memory (SWM) damage to 15-day-old (P15) rats, but caused significant SRM and SWM damage to 35-day-old (P35) rats. VPA damaged the SRM and SWM of P15 rats in both the CSE and control groups. However, VPA improved the memory damage caused by CSE in P35 rats. (2) VPA treatment in vivo increased the induced success rate and the sustainable time of long-term potentiation (LTP) in P35 rats, and also inhibited the expression of CaMKII and p-CaMKII in both P15 and P35 rats.ConclusionsVPA significantly improved spatial cognitive dysfunction in a CSE model of P35 rats, and damaged the spatial memory of normal P15 and P35 rats. Improvements after administration of VPA were closely related to the increase of induced success rate and the prolongation of the sustainable time of LTP. VPA treatment in vivo, which inhibited expression and phosphorylation of CaMKII, showed no obvious inhibition on LTP, which may be related to the elution effect of VPA.

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“…With respect to drug-induced epilepsy, several randomized clinical trials have shown that diazepam or phenobarbital treatment effectively induces a sedative and hypnotic effect. 12 Epilepsy is a neurological symptom regardless of the cause. Thus, after our patients' symptoms were relieved, we administered oral levomethylacetanilide tables for 2 days to strengthen the effect of the medication and prevent another attack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute symptomatic seizure due to tacrolimus-related encephalopathy after liver transplantation: two case reports

Wang

Han

et al. 2019

J Int Med Res

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Liver transplantation is suitable for acute and chronic liver diseases that cannot be cured by other methods. Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, and tacrolimus have been applied to prevent rejection after liver transplantation. Among them, tacrolimus is generally effective in resisting rejection, and its main adverse reaction is nephrotoxicity. Tacrolimus-induced seizures are rarely reported. The present report describes trismus, restlessness, and generalized muscle twitching in a 44-year-old man and a 59-year-old man who received tacrolimus after liver transplantation. Tacrolimus-induced epilepsy was diagnosed by clinical symptoms and video-electroencephalography. After the patients developed epileptic symptoms, they received intramuscular injections of diazepam and phenobarbital. When the symptoms were relieved, the patients were treated with oral levetiracetam tablets. The tacrolimus was immediately stopped, and the epilepsy symptoms gradually disappeared after treatment with sedatives and levetiracetam. The patients continued taking the levetiracetam for approximately 2 weeks. No evidence of seizures occurred during the next 8 months. Although tacrolimus is reportedly effective against rejection after liver transplantation, tacrolimus-induced epilepsy should be carefully managed to prevent death. Additionally, epilepsy may rarely occur in patients with a normal blood concentration of tacrolimus. Further study on the mechanism of such neurological complications is needed.

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Drug-induced status epilepticus

Cited by 42 publications

References 79 publications

Hidden in plain sight: Non-convulsive status epilepticus-Recognition and management

Hidden in plain sight: Non-convulsive status epilepticus-Recognition and management

Effect of Sodium Valproate on Cognitive Function and Hippocampus of Rats After Convulsive Status Epilepticus

Acute symptomatic seizure due to tacrolimus-related encephalopathy after liver transplantation: two case reports

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