Drug‐induced gingival overgrowth: a study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database

Abstract

Gingival overgrowth is often a "non serious" ADR but evolution was favourable in only half of cases. This ADR is "labelled" for calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine and phenytoin but can also occur with other immunosuppressants or anticonvulsants, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, etc.

Management of periodontal disease in patients using calcium channel blockers – gingival overgrowth, prescribed medications, treatment responses and added treatment costs

“…, Bondon‐Guitton et al. ). Few, if any papers have dealt with the long‐term management of these patients.…”

“…The strength of this study is that the same specialist diagnosed, treated and observed these patients over a long period of time. Some of the previous studies have used medical registers to assess side effects (Kaur et al 2010, Bondon-Guitton et al 2012. Few, if any papers have dealt with the long-term management of these patients.…”

Dental plaque–induced gingival conditions

“…There are an assortment of medications that have been reported to affect the size of the gingival tissues. 68 In the literature, the drugs primarily associated with gingival tissue enlargement have included the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin and sodium valproate, certain calcium channel-blocking drugs (e.g., nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, felodipine), immunoregulating drugs (e.g., ciclosporine), and high-dose oral contraceptives. [69][70][71] For drug-influenced gingival conditions, plaque bacteria in conjunction with the drug are necessary to produce a gingival response.…”

Management of Cyclosporine‐Influenced Gingival Enlargement With Azithromycin

“…Drug-influenced gingival enlargement is an adverse event noted from 7% to 70% in patients taking calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine, and phenytoin. 1 Mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, and other drugs comprise the list of suspected drugs to cause gingival enlargement. 1 Cyclosporine is one of the most commonly used immunosuppressant drugs in organ transplant patients for prevention of transplant rejection.…”