Drug‐induced extrapyramidal reactions

Teoh, Laurel; Allen, Herman L.; Kowalenko, N

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1754.2002.00719.x

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Bidirectional interactions between DA and Ach release have long been observed within the striatum during learning and in Parkinson’s disease 15 , 16 , 21 , 22 . Subsequent in vitro studies uncovered a striatal circuit by which DA and Ach directly influence each other.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine and glutamate regulate striatal acetylcholine in decision-making

Chantranupong

Beron

Zimmer

et al. 2023

Nature

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Striatal dopamine and acetylcholine are essential for the selection and reinforcement of motor actions and decision-making1. In vitro studies have revealed an intrastriatal circuit in which acetylcholine, released by cholinergic interneurons (CINs), drives the release of dopamine, and dopamine, in turn, inhibits the activity of CINs through dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Whether and how this circuit contributes to striatal function in vivo is largely unknown. Here, to define the role of this circuit in a living system, we monitored acetylcholine and dopamine signals in the ventrolateral striatum of mice performing a reward-based decision-making task. We establish that dopamine and acetylcholine exhibit multiphasic and anticorrelated transients that are modulated by decision history and reward outcome. Dopamine dynamics and reward encoding do not require the release of acetylcholine by CINs. However, dopamine inhibits acetylcholine transients in a D2R-dependent manner, and loss of this regulation impairs decision-making. To determine how other striatal inputs shape acetylcholine signals, we assessed the contribution of cortical and thalamic projections, and found that glutamate release from both sources is required for acetylcholine release. Altogether, we uncover a dynamic relationship between dopamine and acetylcholine during decision-making, and reveal multiple modes of CIN regulation. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurochemical basis of decision-making and behaviour.

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Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine and glutamate regulate striatal acetylcholine in decision-making

Chantranupong

Beron

Zimmer

et al. 2023

Nature

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“…26,27 Acute dystonic reactions in humans generally respond rapidly to benztropine mesylate (0.02 mg/kg [0.009 mg/lb], IV or IM) administration. 17,[27][28][29] A response is typically seen within 20 minutes after benztropine administration, although administration of a second dose may be necessary after 30 minutes in particularly severe cases, [27][28][29] and treatment with anticholinergic drugs is usually continued for 4 to 7 days to prevent a recurrence. 4 If there is no response to initial treatment, an alternative anti-Parkinsonian agent, such as diphenhydramine hydrochloride, may be given.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse extrapyramidal effects in four horse given fluphenazine decanoate

Baird

Arroyo²,

Vengušt³

et al. 2006

javma

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Findings indicate that adverse extrapyramidal effects may occur in horses given fluphenazine decanoate. These effects appear to be unpredictable and may be severe and life threatening. Use of fluphenazine decanoate as an anxiolytic in performance horses is not permitted in many racing and horse show jurisdictions, and analytic procedures are now available to detect the presence of fluphenazine in serum or plasma.

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“…The EPS resolved with the administration of benztropine. 33 Fluoxetineassociated tics occurred in an adolescent naive to pharmacologic agents; they subsided 6 months after drug discontinuation. 34 Oculogyric crisis induced by paroxetine was described in a 9-year-old girl with compulsivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%