Drug-induced causes of secondary hypertension

Aronow, Wilbert S.

doi:10.21037/atm.2017.06.16

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Approximately one-third (35.7%) of 954 individuals in Northern Sudan were found to have hypertension [7]. The high prevalence of hypertension in the different communities may be explained by improved statistics, increased awareness of hypertension [21], an increased prevalence of modern lifestyles that are associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity [22], and the widespread use of medication, such as steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [23]. The prevalence rates of hypertension found in this study were much higher than those (15.9%) recently reported for four states (Khartoum, Gezira, Blue Nile, and Kassala) in Sudan [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Gadarif in eastern Sudan: a community-based study

et al. 2020

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Background: Hypertension is becoming an increasingly common health issue worldwide, especially in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for premature death and disability worldwide, and it is the leading risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular diseases worldwide. The data on hypertension in Sudan that has been published is limited. We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors. Methods: A multistage sampling survey was conducted in Gadarif, Eastern Sudan, from January to May 2018 to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in adults in Eastern Sudan. The World Health Organization (WHO) three-level stepwise approach questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, height, weight marital status, education level, smoking habit, alcohol consumption habit, and family history of hypertension). Hypertension was defined as the presence of an average blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg or the reported use of anti-hypertensive medications for high blood pressure. Results: A total of 600 participants (mean age: 44.9 years) were enrolled in this study. Four hundred twenty-two (70.3%) participants were women, and 196 (32.7%) participants were obese. Of the 600 enrolled participants, 245 (40.8%) individuals had hypertension, 44 (7.3%) had been previously diagnosed with hypertension, and 201 (33.5%) were newly diagnosed with hypertension. A logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations across the education level, marital status, overweight and hypertension factors. However, an older age (adjusted OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.28-4.51, P < 0.001) and obesity (adjusted OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.57-3.69, P < 0.001) were associated with the presence of hypertension. Conclusion: There is a high rate of hypertension in Eastern Sudan, especially among older and obese individuals. Preventive measures, such as dietary measures, should be implemented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Gadarif in eastern Sudan: a community-based study

et al. 2020

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“…But in our study, patients with CTD were characterized by higher water content, serum glucose, and triglyceride level when compared to healthy subjects. Changes in body compartments and metabolic parameters can be associated with an inflammatory state present in the course of autoimmune disorders as well as being a side effect of glucocorticosteroid use [32,33].…”

Section: Journal Of Immunology Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Background of Hypertension in Connective Tissue Diseases

Grygiel-Górniak

Ziółkowska-Suchanek

Kaczmarek

et al. 2020

Journal of Immunology Research

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR gamma-2) and beta-3-adrenergic receptors (ADRB3) are involved in the risk of hypertension. But their exact role in blood pressure modulation in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) is still not well defined. In this study, 104 patients with CTD and 103 gender-and age-matched controls were genotyped for Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphisms of the PPAR gamma-2 gene and Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB gene. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were evaluated, followed by genotyping using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The prevalence of analyzed genotypes and alleles was comparable between patients with CTD and the control group, as well as hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Patients with CTD have lower body fat and higher body water amount, serum glucose, and triglyceride (TG) levels. Hypertensive subjects are older and have higher body mass, BMI, waist circumference (WC), body water content, glucose, and TG concentration. The multivariate analysis revealed that hypertensive subjects with Ala12/X or Trp64Trp have higher body mass and WC when compared to normotensive subjects. Trp64Trp polymorphism was also characterized by a higher TG level, while T1431/X subjects had higher WC. The presence of CTD, visceral fat distribution, and increased age are the predictors of hypertension development. Hypertensive patients with CTD and Trp64Trp polymorphism have an increased risk of visceral obesity development and metabolic complications, which in turn affects the value of blood pressure. In addition, either Ala12/X or T1431/X predicts the visceral body fat distribution in hypertensive subjects. gamma-2, the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene (e.g., Trp64Arg) influences metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk [12].Since the ratio between polymorphisms of PPAR gamma-2 and ADRB3 genes is not well established in hypertensive patients with CTD, we tested whether analyzed genetic factors are associated with blood pressure values and metabolic parameters in this group. Therefore, we determined the frequency of the analyzed variants and polymorphisms of the PPAR gamma-2 gene in CTD patients, and we investigated their association with hypertension in the context of anthropometric and biochemical parameters.

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“…5,6 However, in young adults (ages 19 to 39 years), common etiologies also include renovascular disease and renal parenchymal disease. 7 Other causes include obstructive sleep apnea, medications, stimulants (cocaine and amphetamines), 8 and endocrinopathies such as thyrotoxicosis, Cushing syndrome, and catecholamine-secreting tumors. 7 Less than 1% of secondary hypertension in all adults is due to catecholamine-secreting tumors, and the minority of those catecholamine-secreting tumors are paragangliomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%