Drug Disposition Considerations in Pharmaceutical Product

Maheshwari, Rahul; Sharma, Piyoosh; Seth, Ankit; Taneja, Neha; Tekade, Muktika; Tekade, Rakesh K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814423-7.00010-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…[66] As key organs of the MPS, the liver and spleen contain macrophages (Kupffer cells and splenic macrophages, respectively), which seem to play a major role in phage degradation, with the initial phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells in the liver being more effective than splenic macrophages at inactivating phage. [58,70] Phage inactivation by the liver and spleen are observed to differ, with phage degradation occurring at a slower rate in the spleen. [53,58,63] Longer half-lives of phage in spleen compared to the liver and recovery of intact phage up to 7 days post-injection from the spleen also indicate that the spleen acts as a "phage sink."…”

Section: Phage Biodistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Phages and their Current Applications in Antimicrobial Therapy

Kang,

Bagchi,

Chen

2023

Advanced Therapeutics

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Antimicrobial resistance remains a critical global health concern, necessitating the investigation of alternative therapeutic approaches. With the diminished efficacy of conventional small molecule drugs due to the emergence of highly resilient bacterial strains, there is growing interest in the potential for alternative therapeutic modalities. As naturally occurring viruses of bacteria, bacteriophage (or phage) are being re‐envisioned as a platform to engineer properties that can be tailored to target specific bacterial strains and employ diverse antibacterial mechanisms. However, limited understanding of key pharmacological properties of phage is a major challenge to translating its use from preclinical to clinical settings. Here, this work reviews modern advancements in phage‐based antimicrobial therapy and discusses the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of phage, addressing critical challenges in their application that must be overcome for successful clinical implementation.

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Section: Phage Biodistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Phages and their Current Applications in Antimicrobial Therapy

Kang,

Bagchi,

Chen

2023

Advanced Therapeutics

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“…The treatment of cancers and diseases is a key area of application for these innovative sustained-release systems. Biopolymer delivery capabilities require drugs to be prescribed periodically when treating hormone disorders and geriatric diseases [ 110 , 111 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Different Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Microbial Polysaccharides: Synthesis and Applications

et al. 2021

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Polysaccharide materials are widely applied in different applications including food, food packaging, drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressing, wastewater treatment, and bioremediation sectors. They were used in these domains due to their efficient, cost-effective, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. As is known, polysaccharides can be synthesized by different simple, facile, and effective methods. Of these polysaccharides are cellulose, Arabic gum, sodium alginate, chitosan, chitin, curdlan, dextran, pectin, xanthan, pullulan, and so on. In this current article review, we focused on discussing the synthesis and potential applications of microbial polysaccharides. The biosynthesis of polysaccharides from microbial sources has been considered. Moreover, the utilization of molecular biology tools to modify the structure of polysaccharides has been covered. Such polysaccharides provide potential characteristics to transfer toxic compounds and decrease their resilience to the soil. Genetically modified microorganisms not only improve yield of polysaccharides, but also allow economically efficient production. With the rapid advancement of science and medicine, biosynthesis of polysaccharides research has become increasingly important. Synthetic biology approaches can play a critical role in developing polysaccharides in simple and facile ways. In addition, potential applications of microbial polysaccharides in different fields with a particular focus on food applications have been assessed.

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“…Hence, great care must be taken in the delicate process of sedation management ( 14 ), where patients may exhibit unique pharmacological responses for the same dose of a given medication. This results in pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic variations for the same drug administered with the same frequency in different individuals ( 18 , 19 ). In order to address this issue, a growing number of clinical studies have proposed automated methods based on patients' evolving clinical phenotypes to deliver safe and effective sedation regulation ( 6 , 16 , 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient-Specific Sedation Management via Deep Reinforcement Learning

Eghbali

Alhanai

Ghassemi

2021

Front. Digit. Health

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Introduction: Developing reliable medication dosing guidelines is challenging because individual dose–response relationships are mitigated by both static (e. g., demographic) and dynamic factors (e.g., kidney function). In recent years, several data-driven medication dosing models have been proposed for sedatives, but these approaches have been limited in their ability to assess interindividual differences and compute individualized doses.Objective: The primary objective of this study is to develop an individualized framework for sedative–hypnotics dosing.Method: Using publicly available data (1,757 patients) from the MIMIC IV intensive care unit database, we developed a sedation management agent using deep reinforcement learning. More specifically, we modeled the sedative dosing problem as a Markov Decision Process and developed an RL agent based on a deep deterministic policy gradient approach with a prioritized experience replay buffer to find the optimal policy. We assessed our method's ability to jointly learn an optimal personalized policy for propofol and fentanyl, which are among commonly prescribed sedative–hypnotics for intensive care unit sedation. We compared our model's medication performance against the recorded behavior of clinicians on unseen data.Results: Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model would assist clinicians in making the right decision based on patients' evolving clinical phenotype. The RL agent was 8% better at managing sedation and 26% better at managing mean arterial compared to the clinicians' policy; a two-sample t-test validated that these performance improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results validate that our model had better performance in maintaining control variables within their target range, thereby jointly maintaining patients' health conditions and managing their sedation.

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Drug Disposition Considerations in Pharmaceutical Product

Cited by 4 publications

References 112 publications

Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Phages and their Current Applications in Antimicrobial Therapy

Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Phages and their Current Applications in Antimicrobial Therapy

Recent Advancements in Microbial Polysaccharides: Synthesis and Applications

Patient-Specific Sedation Management via Deep Reinforcement Learning

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