Drug-delivery nanoparticles for bone-tissue and dental applications

Abstract

The use of nanoparticles as biomaterials with applications in the biomedical field is growing every day. These nanomaterials can be used as contrast imaging agents, combination therapy agents, and targeted delivery systems in medicine and dentistry. Usually, nanoparticles are found as synthetic or natural organic materials, such as hydroxyapatite, polymers, and lipids. Besides that, they are could also be inorganic, for instance, metallic or metal-oxide-based particles. These inorganic nanoparticles could additionally present magnetic properties, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery agents has many advantages, for they help diminish toxicity effects in the body since the drug dose reduces significantly, increases drugs biocompatibility, and helps target drugs to specific organs. As targeted-delivery agents, one of the applications uses nanoparticles as drug delivery particles for bone-tissue to treat cancer, osteoporosis, bone diseases, and dental treatments such as periodontitis. Their application as drug delivery agents requires a good comprehension of the nanoparticle properties and composition, alongside their synthesis and drug attachment characteristics. Properties such as size, shape, core-shell designs, and magnetic characteristics can influence their behavior inside the human body and modify magnetic properties in the case of magnetic nanoparticles. Based on that, many different studies have modified the synthesis methods for these nanoparticles and developed composite systems for therapeutics delivery, adapting, and improving magnetic properties, shell-core designs, and particle size and nanosystems characteristics. This review presents the most recent studies that have been presented with different nanoparticle types and structures for bone and dental drug delivery.

Modulating osteoclasts with nanoparticles: A path for osteoporosis management?

“…There are several delivery systems designed to enhance drug efficacy and therapeutic index while minimizing side effects and toxicity and protecting the drugs from degradation (Elsharkasy et al, 2020). In this regard, nanoparticles have emerged as a suitable alternative due to their ability to accumulate at the target site, in this case, bone, while ensuring local therapeutic doses (Higino & França, 2022). This section is focused on the synthetic nanoparticulated systems developed so far for OP management.…”

“…Generally, nanoparticles can be divided into two mayor types: organic or inorganic, being the first ones composed by polymers, lipids and/or proteins, and the latter ones formed by ceramics or metallic constituents (Higino & França, 2022). These nanoparticle systems can be functionalized with moieties that have a high affinity for the bone extracellular matrix (ECM), such as tetracycline and bisphosphonates, to achieve their bone-specific accumulation.…”

Multifunctional Dental Adhesives Formulated with Silane-Coated Magnetic Fe3O4@m-SiO2 Core–Shell Particles to Counteract Adhesive Interfacial Breakdown

“…Core−shell technology, where SPIONs are encapsulated, can mitigate these particles' aggregation and dark coloration. 7 The controlled release of chlorhexidine (CHX) from core− shell particles could be beneficial to protect collagen fibrils from degradation. 8 CHX has dual benefits: it acts as an antibacterial agent against dental plaque and inhibits collagendegrading enzymes.…”

“…Core–shell technology, where SPIONs are encapsulated, can mitigate these particles’ aggregation and dark coloration . The controlled release of chlorhexidine (CHX) from core–shell particles could be beneficial to protect collagen fibrils from degradation .…”

Evaluation of in vitro immunostimulatory and cytotoxic effects of recombinant survivin protein in combination with doxorubicin and breast cancer antigen-loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles

“…Despite all of its advantages, certain risks and barriers to immunotherapy exist, such as undesired immune responses, toxicity and skin allergies (Akkın et al 2021, Fang et al 2022. Nowadays, because of the favorable features of nanoparticles (NPs), such as stability, non-toxicity, improved cellular uptake, specific cell targeting, systemic drug circulation and efficient drug delivery (Tarhini et al 2017, Higino andFrança 2022), they have become the most promising tools for the treatment of various cancer types (Mintz andLeblanc 2021, Deng et al 2022).…”