Drug Delivery from PCL/Chitosan Multilayer Coatings for Metallic Implants

Abstract

Implant-related infections, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus , are a major health concern. Treatment is challenging due to multi-resistant strains and the ability of S. aureus to adhere and form biofilms on bone and implant surfaces. The present work involved the preparation and evaluation of a novel dual polymeric film coating on stainless steel. Chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) multilayers, loaded with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres encapsulating vancomycin or daptomycin, produced by the dip-coating technique, allowed local antibiotic-controlled delivery for the treatment of implant-related infections. Enhanced adhesion of the film to the metal substrate surface was achieved by mechanical abrasion of its surface. Studies have shown that for both drugs the release occurs by diffusion, but the release profile depends on the type of drug (daptomycin or vancomycin), the pH of the solution, and whether the drug is freestanding (directly incorporated into the films) or encapsulated in PMMA microspheres. Daptomycin freestanding films reached 90% release after 1 day at pH 7.4 and 4 days at pH 5.5. In comparison, films with daptomycin encapsulated microspheres reached 90% release after 2 h at pH 5.5 and 2 days at pH 7.4. Vancomycin encapsulated and freestanding films showed a similar behavior reaching 90% release after 20 h of release at pH 5.5 and 2 and 3 days, respectively, at pH 7.4. Furthermore, daptomycin-loaded films showed activity (assessed by agar diffusion assays) against sensitive (ATCC 25923) and clinically isolated (MRSA) S. aureus strains.

Chitosan-Caffeic Acid Antibacterial Coating for PDMS Surfaces: A Sustained Moxifloxacin Release and Prolonged Coating Adhesion

“…For example, Chen et al electrodeposited a cefazolin-loaded chitosan-based coating onto a titanium substrate and, after 21 days, almost 100% of the drug content was released [51]. Soares et al studied the release of drugs from a chitosan and polycaprolactone-based coating dip-coated onto sandblasted stainless steel for the release of microspheres loaded with daptomycin or vancomycin, and only after 100 h (≈4 days) all the drug-loaded was released [52]. As can be noted in Figure 5, all formulations presented a burst release.…”

Material and Design Toolkit for Drug Delivery: State of the Art, Trends, and Challenges

“…For this purpose, a unique multilayer of the chitosan-PCL film was fabricated, and the fabricated film was coated on stainless steel. 56 3.3. Dendrimers.…”

“…(b) Multilayer PCL/chitosan coatings for drug delivery coating system on the surface of metallic implants. Chitosan and PCL multilayers were filled with PMMA microspheres encapsulating DAP and reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society.…”

“…This study enabled an antibiotic-controlled delivery system for the treatment of implant-related infections. For this purpose, a unique multilayer of the chitosan-PCL film was fabricated, and the fabricated film was coated on stainless steel …”

Polysaccharide-Based Coatings as Drug Delivery Systems

“…Similar results were found for vancomycin-encapsulated and free-standing films. Additionally, daptomycin-loaded films showed activity against susceptible and clinically isolated S. aureus strains when assessed by agar diffusion assays [ 51 ].…”