Drug Delivery by Contact Lens in Spontaneously Glaucomatous Dogs

Peng, Cheng-Chun; Ben-Shlomo, Anna; MacKay, Edward O.; Plummer, Caryn E.; Chauhan, Anuj

doi:10.3109/02713683.2011.630154

Cited by 84 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…34,35 Miosis after timolol administration is also well documented in both the treated and nontreated eye of canine patients receiving the drug. 27,28,30,32,34,36 The bilateral miosis and IOP reduction are often attributed to systemic absorption of the drug through the mucosa of the nasolacrimal duct, which recent studies confirm is significant. 37 Systemic absorption of topical b-blockers is also responsible for the frequently encountered cardiovascular and pulmonary adverse effects of the drug.…”

Section: B-adrenergic Antagonists (B-blockers)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…There is a considerable amount of clinical and laboratory research evaluating this drug in both normotensive and glaucomatous dogs of various breeds. 25,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Unfortunately, the data from these studies often provide conflicting results regarding the efficacy of the drug, leaving clinicians to wonder whether to include it in the their treatment of clinical patients with glaucoma. The matter is further confounded by a distinct lack of prospective, controlled clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of this drug in a clinical setting.…”

Section: B-adrenergic Antagonists (B-blockers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma

Alario¹,

Strong

Pizzirani

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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Section: B-adrenergic Antagonists (B-blockers)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: B-adrenergic Antagonists (B-blockers)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma

Alario¹,

Strong

Pizzirani

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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“…Current efforts in ophthalmic drug delivery are directed toward sustained/controlled drug release, prolonging the residence time or contact time of drug delivery system, and enabling improved corneal absorption. A variety of ocular drug delivery systems, such as in situ gelling systems, [1][2][3] mucoadhesives, 4-5 nanoparticles, [6][7][8] inserts, 9,10 and soft contact lenses, [11][12][13] have been investigated. Although appeared to be promising, these systems are commonly associated with lack of patient compliance (vision interference, irritation, and discomfort), high manufacturing cost (lack of ability to scale up the production), and ultimately approval by regulatory authorities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Nanomicellar Formulation for Topical Delivery of Biotinylated Lipid Prodrug of Acyclovir: Formulation Development and Ocular Biocompatibility

Vadlapudi

Cholkar

Vadlapatla

et al. 2014

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a clear, aqueous nanomicellar formulation and evaluate its in vitro ocular biocompatibility as a novel carrier for topical ocular delivery of biotinylated lipid prodrug for the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Methods: Micellar formulation of Biotin-12Hydroxystearic acid-acyclovir (B-12HS-ACV) was prepared by solvent evaporation/film hydration method with two nonionic surfactants, vitamin E TPGS and octoxynol-40. The optimized formulation was characterized for various parameters including micelle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta-potential and in vitro prodrug release. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were employed for studying the cytotoxicity of the formulation. Further, mRNA expression levels of various cytokines were also studied with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: Average size was 10.46 -0.05 nm with a PDI of 0.086 for blank nanomicelles, and 10.78 -0.09 nm with a PDI of 0.075 for prodrug-loaded nanomicelles. Both unloaded and prodrug-loaded nanomicelles had low negative zeta potential. Prodrug encapsulation efficiency of mixed nanomicelles was calculated to be *90%. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that nanomicelles were spherical, homogenous, and devoid of aggregates. B-12HS-ACV release from nanomicelles was slow with no significant burst effect. Results show a sustained release of the prodrug from nanomicelles over a period of 4 days. Neither the blank formulation nor the prodrug-loaded micellar formulation demonstrated any cytotoxic effects. Further, incubation of HCECs with blank and prodrug-loaded nanomicellar groups did not significantly alter the expression levels of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-a, and IFN-g. Conclusions: In summary, a topical clear, aqueous nanomicellar formulation comprised of vitamin E TPGS and octoxynol-40 loaded with 0.1% B-12HS-ACV was successfully developed. B-12HS-ACV-loaded nanomicelles are small in size, spherical, and homogenous, without any aggregates. The micellar formulations were perfectly transparent similar to pure water. Ocular biocompatibility studies indicated that mixed nanomicelles were nontoxic and noninflammatory to corneal epithelial cells. Therefore, nanomicellar technology represents a promising strategy for the delivery of biotinylated lipid prodrugs of ACV.

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“…To our knowledge, there have only been two published animal studies using CLs to treat an ocular condition [37,38], both of which revealed that CLs provide better bioavailability and reduced systemic drug uptake compared to conventional eye drop treatment [44,45]. Further in vivo research is needed to help facilitate this technology into the clinical trial phase, and lead to the development of a viable commercial product.…”

Section: Future Barriers -Fine Tuning Drug Release Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%