Drug analysis by near-infra-red reflectance spectroscopy. Determination of the active ingredient and water content in antibiotic powders

Determination and differentiation of surface and bound water in drug substances by near infrared spectroscopy

“…Conventional methods for water determination in pharmaceutical drug products are based on weight loss on drying and Karl Fischer titration 1,2. Other methods such as gas chromatography are alternative choices that provide comparable results 3.…”

“…Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has found diverse applications for rapid and nondestructive analysis 4. It is especially suitable for moisture determination because water has strong absorption bands in the near infrared region that provide the sensitivity needed for accurate determinations 1–6. NIRS methods for water determination have been demonstrated to be not only rapid and nondestructive, with no sample pretreatment, but also highly accurate 5,6.…”

Diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy as a nondestructive analytical technique for polymer implants

“…NIR applications in the pharmaceutical industry include qualitative identification of raw materials, 1,2 quantitative analysis of drug content in tablets and powder blends, 3-10 determination of moisture content, [11][12][13][14][15][16] detection of degradation products within solid formulations, 17 and determination of crystallinity. 18 Although quantitative analysis of drugs and excipients has been demonstrated for intact tablets, NIR spectroscopy has not been utilized in quantitative analysis of polymeric dosage forms.…”

Application of Diffuse Reflectance Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy for Determination of Crystallinity

“…[33][34][35][36] The intent of the present study was to quantify crystallinity by directly examining the NIR regions that differentiate the crystalline and amorphous forms on the basis of features related to the solid state. Amorphous sucrose is known to sorb measurable amounts of moisture even at low humidities.…”