Drug Analyses of Skeletonizing Remains

Noguchi, Thomas T.; Nakamura, George R.; Griesemer, E. C.

doi:10.1520/jfs10695j

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…In human bone marrow, several drugs including methamphetamine, paracetamol, aminopyrine and cyclobarbital can be identified [11][12][13][14] but this seems to be the first report on the presence of triazolam in human bone marrow and mummified tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Detection of triazolam in skeletal remains buried for 4 years

Kudo

Sugie

Syoui

et al. 1997

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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Analyses of the hypnotic triazolam from the remains of two human skeletons buried underground for 4 years were made for purposes of confirmation. The bone marrow and mummified muscle were digested with 2 M sodium hydroxide, efficiently extracted using a 3-step solvent extraction procedure, and selectively analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with the negative ion chemical ionization mode. Estazolam was the internal standard used. Triazolam was detected in all the samples; the concentrations were 0.36 ng/g in the bone marrow of one victim, and 0.37 and 5.5 ng/g in the bone marrow and mummified muscle of the other victim. This method should prove useful for determination of triazolam in extensively decomposed bodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Detection of triazolam in skeletal remains buried for 4 years

Kudo

Sugie

Syoui

et al. 1997

International Journal of Legal Medicine

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“…Yet numerous illicit drugs have been detected as part of toxicological and forensic analysis [203][204][205][206]. Due to its lipid content and rich vascular supply, compounds present in the bloodstream should readily diffuse into bone marrow [207], especially lipophilic compounds such as NSAIDs [208]. Marrow is housed inside the bone, and as such, any incorporated residues should have some degree of protection against environmental decomposition and contamination [202].…”

Section: Analysis Of Bone Bone Marrow and Synovial Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marrow is housed inside the bone, and as such, any incorporated residues should have some degree of protection against environmental decomposition and contamination [202]. Noguchi et al (1978) [207] analysed dried bone marrow from a severely decomposed body. Dried lung, muscle tissue and skeletal matter were the only matrices that remained suitable for analysis.…”

Section: Analysis Of Bone Bone Marrow and Synovial Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

Richards¹

2014

J Forensic Res

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Pharmaceutical residues in the environment have the potential to harm wildlife. A population's fragility or an animal's secretive nature may preclude capture and the use of invasive/destructive sampling techniques that are typically used in a risk assessment. Conventionally favoured matrices gathered opportunistically from carcasses have a finite lifespan, thereby limiting the detection window. This multidisciplinary paper aims to promote the use of non-invasive approaches and optimize use of even the most degraded carcasses. We highlight a selection of promising alternative, unconventional and underutilized sample types that could be applied in environmental monitoring efforts and wildlife forensic investigations. With a focus on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), now under increasing scrutiny in the freshwater and terrestrial environment, we first illustrate current sampling practices and gaps in knowledge by summarizing exposure of: 1) aquatic organisms to urban effluent discharged into waterways, and, 2) scavenging species to veterinary residues in livestock and other carrion. We then consider the merits and limitations of a range of alternative environmentally robust sample options that offer a broader detection interval for NSAIDs, with emphasis on hair, wool and feathers. The viability of eyes/ocular material, bone matter, fecal matter, injection sites, ingesta/pellets and scavenging/coprophagous insects are also discussed.

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“…In at least six case reports [55,57,[65][66][67][68], toxicological findings were restricted to skeletal tissue analysis. They concerned corpses discovered in skeleton state, 7 months to 5 years after their disappearance.…”

Section: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By BM identification, Noguchi et al [66] suggested that amitriptyline was present in antemortem circulation. However, several uncertainties concerning the fate of compounds in BM matrix (e.g., stability, drug distribution) made any quantitative interpretation unreliable.…”

Section: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

et al. 2010

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Although blood is the reference medium in the field of forensic toxicology, alternative matrices are required in case of limited, unavailable or unusable blood samples. The present review investigated the suitability of bone marrow (BM) as an alternative matrix to characterize xenobiotic consumption and its influence on the occurrence of death. Basic data on BM physiology are reported in order to highlight the specificities of this matrix and their analytical and toxicokinetic consequences. A review of case reports, animal and human studies involving BM sample analysis focuses on the various parameters of interpretation of toxicological results: analytic limits, sampling location, pharmacokinetics, blood/BM concentration correlation, stability and postmortem redistribution. Tables summarizing the analytical conditions and quantification of 45 compounds from BM samples provide a useful tool for toxicologists. A specific section devoted to ethanol shows that, despite successful quantification, interpretation is highly dependent on postmortem interval. In conclusion, BM is an interesting alternative matrix, and further experimental data and validated assays are required to confirm its great potential relevance in forensic toxicology.

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Drug Analyses of Skeletonizing Remains

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of triazolam in skeletal remains buried for 4 years

Detection of triazolam in skeletal remains buried for 4 years

Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

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