Drug abuse in slum population

Ghulam, Ram; Verma, Kamal; Sharma, Pankaj; Razdan, Monica; Razdan, Rahul A.

doi:10.4103/0019-5545.174390

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent studies by Chavan et al [39] at Chandigarh and Gururaj et al [40] at Bangalore, the prevalence rates were found to be lower than the present study. Among substance use disorders, tobacco use disorders are the highest in the state [21]; this is similar to the findings reported by Ghulam et al [41]. Males aged over 40 years were the most affected due to tobacco use disorder, which is in conjunction with previous studies [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Mental Health Issues in Madhya Pradesh: Insights from National Mental Health Survey of India 2016

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: About 14% of the global mental health burden is contributed by India. However, there exists a disparity in mental health patterns, utilization, and prioritization among various Indian states. The state of Madhya Pradesh is a low performer among Indian states, ranking lower than the national average on the Human Development Index, Hunger Index, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The state also performes poorly on other health-related indicators. Objectives of Study: To estimate the prevalence and patterns of mental illnesses in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Material and Methods: This study used the multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling technique, with selection probability proportionate to size at each stage. A total of 3240 individuals 18 years and older were interviewed. The mixed-method study that was employed had both quantitative and qualitative components. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview along with 10 other instruments were used. Results: The overall weighted prevalence for any mental illness was 13.9%, with 16.7% over the lifetime. The treatment gap for all of the mental health problems is very high (91%), along with high suicidal risk and substance use in the state. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the huge burden of mental, behavioral, and substance use disorders as well as the treatment gap in Madhya Pradesh. This information is crucial for developing an effective prevention and control strategy. The high treatment gap in the state calls for coordinated efforts from all stakeholders, including policy makers, political leaders, health care professionals, and the society at large to give mental health care its due priority. These findings also highlight the need for multi-pronged interventions rooted in health policy directed at reducing the treatment gap in the short term and disease burden in the long run.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Mental Health Issues in Madhya Pradesh: Insights from National Mental Health Survey of India 2016

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It not only affects social and economic status but also the physical and mental health of people. [ 5 ] This includes respiratory depression, cardiac crisis, nephropathy, liver cirrhosis, and infectious diseases such as hepatitis, AIDS, and tuberculosis. They also face injuries associated with disability, mental disorders such as depression, and oral health problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Sensations among Individuals with Illicit Drug Dependence in Rehabilitation Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bhuyan

Nishat

Goutham³

et al. 2021

Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: In developing countries like India, irrespective of the various government laws and actions, substance abuse is a growing problem. Individuals with illicit drug dependence face social and psychological stigma with considerable health problems. Negligence to oral hygiene and lack of oral health treatments intensifies the sensations experienced by the subjects. Aim: The aim is to determine the patterns of substance abuse and oral health sensations among individuals with illicit drug dependence. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted wherein 213 male individuals with illicit drug dependence history, admitted in rehabilitation centers of Bhubaneswar, formed the study population. Information pertaining to the type and duration of drug dependence along with oral sensations experienced by the individuals during a period of 3 months was obtained by interviewing by the subjects. Chi-square test was done to identify variations in oral sensations produced by different illicit drugs and its relationship with their usage pattern. Results: About 40.8% of dependents reported cannabis intake, thus making it the most commonly consumed drug. About 80.8% of all the subjects reported dryness of the mouth, 47.9% reported sensitivity of teeth and 28.2% suffered from the numbness of their mouth. About 19.7% of the individuals felt like chewing on something, 23% inclined toward grinding, whereas 11.7% experienced pain in the jaw muscles and joint. Sixty percent of substance dependents who smoked drugs had sensitive teeth ( P ≤ 0.05). All the oral sensations experienced were significantly more among drug dependents with a history of illicit drug usage for >5years in comparison to others. Conclusion: Substance abuse results in a range of oral sensations. De-addiction programs in India lack oral health-care components. Studies on oral complications related to addiction stresses on the need of oral healthcare at various levels, including education, prevention, and treatment. All these components should be amalgamated into general care services for addicts.

show abstract

“…Informal settlements, defined as residences in urban areas that are characterised by limited access to social services, including those related to access to healthcare, are known to have a high prevalence of psychoactive substance use [4,5], especially among young people [6,7]. The high prevalence of psychoactive substance use that characterises informal settlements [6], is a predictor of high-risk sexual behaviours such as multiple sexual partnerships and unprotected sexual intercourse [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Psychoactive substance use is a public health challenge among young people in informal settlements. Though rarely examined, psychoactive substance use is linked to sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and consequently high-risk sexual behaviours. This study examined the association between sexual expectancies and inhibitions, and high-risk sexual behaviours among young psychoactive substance users (PSUs) in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 744 young PSUs from informal settlements in Kampala. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit respondents. A ‘modified’ Poisson regression model was used for inferential statistics. Data were analysed using the Stata 14 software. Results Of the 744 study participants, 45.6% believed that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance; 43.3% believed that psychoactive substances make sex more pleasurable, and 53.3% believed that psychoactive substances give courage or confidence to approach a partner for sex. The belief that psychoactive substance use improves sexual performance (PR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30), increases the likelihood of engaging in sex (PR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.40) or gives courage or confidence to approach a sexual partner (PR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39) were associated with having sex while under the influence of psychoactive substances. The belief that a psychoactive substance user under the influence of psychoactive substances is more likely to engage in sex (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15–1.90), and likely to find it difficult to refuse sex (PR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.55) were positively associated with engaging in multiple sexual partnerships. The belief that one easily forgets to use a condom when under the influence of psychoactive substances was positively associated with inconsistent condom use (PR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.45). Conclusion Psychoactive substance use expectancies associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included the belief that psychoactive substances improve sexual performance and improve confidence in approaching a sexual partner. Psychoactive substance use inhibitions associated with high-risk sexual behaviours included an increased likelihood of engaging in sexual intercourse, difficulties in refusing to engage in sexual intercourse, and forgetting to use condoms while intoxicated. Interventions targeting a reduction in high-risk sexual behaviour should integrate the impact of psychoactive substance use on sexual behaviour.

show abstract

Drug abuse in slum population

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Mental Health Issues in Madhya Pradesh: Insights from National Mental Health Survey of India 2016

Mental Health Issues in Madhya Pradesh: Insights from National Mental Health Survey of India 2016

Oral Sensations among Individuals with Illicit Drug Dependence in Rehabilitation Centers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Do sexual expectancies and inhibitions predict high-risk sexual behaviours? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey among young psychoactive substance users in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About