“…Abiotic stresses are the climatic or soil conditions affecting the cellular homeostasis of plants, resulting in impaired growth and development (Mickelbart et al, 2015). The drought stress (Mohamed et al, 2000(Mohamed et al, , 2002Farahani et al, 2009;Cicevan et al, 2014Cicevan et al, , 2016Zulfiqar et al, 2020;Babaei et al, 2021), temperature stress (Forsyth and Staden, 1983), irradiance/shade stress (Kumar et al, 2014), waterlogging (Singh et al, 2003), salinity stress (Sahay and Patra, 2013;Sayyed et al, 2014;Chrysargyris et al, 2018;Pazcel et al, 2018;Moghaddam et al, 2019), heavy metal (HM) stress (Patel and Patra, 2014;Cid et al, 2016;Pazcel et al, 2018), and application of nutrient fertilizers (Walia and Kumar, 2021b) all affect the morphophysiological performance and secondary metabolism (essential oil) of wild marigold.…”