Drought Responses on Physiological Attributes of<i>Zea mays</i>in Relation to Nitrogen and Source-Sink Relationships

Rafique, Suphia

doi:10.5772/intechopen.93747

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Maize is extremely sensitive to drought, given the high demand for water, particularly in the stage of vegetative development and during grain filling ( Rafique, 2020 ). This stress leads to morphological and anatomical changes, influences cell structure, and induces multiple metabolic pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp. strains mitigate the adverse effects of drought on maize (Zea mays L.)

Wilmowicz

Kućko²,

Bogati³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically important source of food and feed. This species is highly sensitive to drought, which is the most limiting factor for the biomass yield of a crop. Thus, maize cultivation methods should be improved, especially by environment-friendly agricultural practices, such as microorganisms. Here, we provide evidence that Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp. modulate maize response to drought. Inoculation of maize seeds by these microorganisms restored the proper photosynthetic activity of the plant under drought and stabilized the osmoprotectant content of the leaf. The beneficial effect of Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp. was also related to the stabilization of cell redox status reflected by hydrogen peroxide content, antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde level in leaves. As we revealed by several methods, shaping maize response to drought is mediated by both microorganism-mediated modifications of cell wall composition and structure of leaves, such as downregulating pectin, affecting their methylation degree, and increasing hemicellulose content. Overall, we provide new information about the mechanisms by which Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp. induce drought tolerance in maize, which is a promising approach for mitigating abiotic stresses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp. strains mitigate the adverse effects of drought on maize (Zea mays L.)

Wilmowicz

Kućko²,

Bogati³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The migration of metabolites in plants has nothing to do with the biomass of tissues and organs and is considered source-sink relationship regulation [50]. Source-sink models have been gradually applied to control plant resources under stress [13,51]. In this study, mechanical damage destroys the sourcesink balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A source-sink model explains the difference in the metabolic mechanism of mechanical damage to young and senescing leaves in Catharanthus roseus

Chen

Guo

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Mechanical damage is an unavoidable threat to the growth and survival of plants. Although a wound to senescing (lower) leaves improves plant vitality, a wound to younger (upper) leaves often causes damage to or death of the whole plant. Source-sink models are often used to explain how plants respond to biotic or abiotic stresses. In this study, a source-sink model was used to explain the difference in the metabolic mechanism of mechanical damage to young and senescing leaves of Catharanthus roseus. Results In our study, GC-MS and LC-QTOF-MS metabolomics techniques were used to explore the differences in source-sink allocation and metabolic regulation in different organs of Catharanthus roseus after mechanical damage to the upper/lower leaves (WUL/WLL). Compared with that of the control group, the energy supplies of the WUL and WLL groups were increased and delivered to the secondary metabolic pathway through the TCA cycle. The two treatment groups adopted different secondary metabolic response strategies. The WLL group increased the input to the defense response after damage by increasing the accumulation of phenolics. A source-sink model was applied to the defensive responses to local (damaged leaves) and systemic (whole plant) damage. In the WUL group, the number of sinks increased due to damage to young leaves, and the tolerance response was emphasized. Conclusion The accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites was significantly different between the two mechanical damage treatments. Catharanthus roseus uses different trade-offs between tolerance (repair) and defense to respond to mechanical damage. Repairing damage and chemical defenses are thought to be more energetically expensive than growth development, confirming the trade-offs and allocation of resources seen in this source-sink model.

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“…Plant water relations are profusely governed by available soil moisture content, directly influencing stomatal conductance and photosynthesis [19]. Modified physiological processes cause changes in leaf development, leaf area, and dry weights [20][21][22]. Reducing leaf area also negatively influences the photosynthetic potential and pigment composition by limiting the surface area for CO 2 assimilation and light absorption [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Functional Relationships between Soil Moisture Content and Corn Early-Season Physiology, Growth, and Development

Vennam

Ramamoorthy

Poudel

et al. 2023

Plants

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Drought is a severe threat to agriculture production that affects all growth stages of plants, including corn (Zea mays L.). Any factor affecting early seedling growth and development will significantly impact yield. Despite the recurrence of low rainfall during the growing seasons, corn responses to different early-season soil moisture content levels have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated how corn morpho-physiological and biomass traits responded to varied soil moisture content during the early vegetative stage. Two corn hybrids were grown in a pot-culture facility under five different soil moisture treatments (0.15, 0.12, 0.09, 0.06, and 0.03 m3 m−3 volumetric water content, VWC) to assess the growth and developmental responses to varied soil moisture content during early-season growth (V2 to V7) stage. Sub-optimal soil moisture content limited plant growth and development by reducing physiological and phenotypic expression. Stomatal conductance and transpiration were decreased by an average of 65% and 59% across stress treatments relative to optimum conditions. On average, soil moisture deficit reduced the total leaf area by 71% and 72% compared to the control in ‘A6659VT2RIB’ and ‘P1316YHR’, respectively. Shoot and root dry weights were reduced by 74% and 43% under 0.03 m3 m−3 VWC. An increase in the root-to-shoot ratio was noticed under low VWC conditions compared to the control. Based on the stress tolerance index, the physiology and leaf growth parameters were more sensitive to soil moisture deficit. Our results highlight the impact of sub-optimal soil moisture on physiology and morphological traits during early-season growth. ‘P1316YHR’ demonstrated better physiological performance under stress conditions, while ‘A6659VT2RIB’ produced relatively better root growth. The findings suggest that biomass partitioning between shoot and root components is dynamic and depends on stress intensity. The current findings can help to prioritize traits associated with the early-season drought tolerance in corn. The functional relationships developed between soil moisture content and growth and developmental responses can be integrated into corn crop modeling to allow better irrigation management decisions.

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Drought Responses on Physiological Attributes ofZea maysin Relation to Nitrogen and Source-Sink Relationships

Cited by 5 publications

References 142 publications

Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp. strains mitigate the adverse effects of drought on maize (Zea mays L.)

Glomus sp. and Bacillus sp. strains mitigate the adverse effects of drought on maize (Zea mays L.)

A source-sink model explains the difference in the metabolic mechanism of mechanical damage to young and senescing leaves in Catharanthus roseus

Developing Functional Relationships between Soil Moisture Content and Corn Early-Season Physiology, Growth, and Development

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