Drought occurrences and impacts on the upper Grande river basin, Brazil

Hydrological Retrospective and Historical Drought Analysis in a Brazilian Savanna Basin

“…Overall, 294 months presented SSI values classified as drought or abnormally dry, of which 51.7% occurred in the last third of the period (1996-2018), behavior also observed in other studies of hydrological drought in Brazil [65,71,73]. Consequently, this period from 1996 to 2018 displayed the lowest number of months with SSI ≥ 0.5, only 7.9% of the total.…”

“…Ten parameters were used in the SWAT calibration and validation with OP and CRU climatological data, selected based on previous studies in the PRB [56]. The final range and the best parameters obtained in the calibration (Table 3) agree with the result obtained by Junqueira et al [65] in the same basin using OP and observed climatological data from 2004 to 2018. However, there are divergences such as RECHG_DP (deep aquifer percolation fraction) and CH_K1 (effective hydraulic conductivity in tributary channel alluvium), which showed best values equal to 0.050 and 11.44 mm.h −1 , respectively, in the previous study.…”

“…In 2001, a severe drought hit a large part of the Southeastern Brazilian region, resulting in a national energy crisis due to the reduction in the reservoir level of hydropower plants [72]. The drought of the last decade was one of the most severe in recent years in several basins in Brazil, causing impacts on agricultural production, hydropower generation, and over the environment [28,65,68,73]. From 2012 to 2016, 33.4 million people were affected by the droughts in Brazil, with estimated damage of BRL 104 billion (approximately USD 20 billion) [69].…”

“…Other Brazilian regions also experienced drought events in some of these years, such as the state of Ceará in 1958 and 2012/18[68]; NortheasternBrazil in 1958Brazil in , 1970Brazil in , 1976Brazil in , 2001/02, and 2012/16[69]; São Paulo city in 1962/63 and the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte in 1970/71[70], both in Southeastern Brazil; in the Doce River basin in 2000/01 and 2013/17[71], Southeastern Brazil; and the Tocantins River basin from 2015 to 2017[28], located in the Brazilian savanna; this confirms the adopted procedure's ability to represent the most relevant droughts.In 2001, a severe drought hit a large part of the Southeastern Brazilian region, resulting in a national energy crisis due to the reduction in the reservoir level of hydropower plants[72]. The drought of the last decade was one of the most severe in recent years in several basins in Brazil, causing impacts on agricultural production, hydropower generation, and over the environment[28,65,68,73]. From 2012 to 2016, 33.4 million people were affected by the droughts in Brazil, with estimated damage of BRL 104 billion (approximately USD 20 billion)[69].…”

Long-Term Hydrological Drought Analysis in Agricultural Irrigation Area: The Case of Dörtyol-Erzin Plain, Turkey

“…Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Percent of Normal Index (PNI), which are generally calculated from precipitation data; Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), De Martonne Index, Erinç Drought Index and Aydeniz Method, which include not only precipitation data but also many meteorological parameters such as temperature and humidity, are widely handled in drought analysis studies (Arslan et al, 2014;Said et al, 2019;Pandzic et al, 2020;Qaisrani et al, 2021, Jahangir et al, 2022Ullah et al, 2022). Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) method, which has been examined within the scope of this study, exploits the observed flow data as input parameters (Yaltı and Aksu, 2019;Eroğluer and Apaydın, 2020;Prajapati et al, 2021;Junqueira et al, 2022;Turhan et al, 2022). In this study, Dörtyol-Erzin Plain, which is located in the south of Turkey and covers the fertile agricultural lands of the Asi River Basin, was preferred as the case study for hydrological drought analysis.…”