Drought and water policies in Northeast Brazil: backgrounds and rationale

Campos, José Nilson Beserra; Studart, Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho

doi:10.2166/wp.2008.058

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Therefore, the harvests occur more or less simultaneously at the end of the rainy season. Campos & Studart (2008) jointly analyzed agricultural practices and the occurrence of drought. The drought index is defined by the soil moisture that is insufficient to maintain the vegetation root system, leading to considerably reduced agricultural production.…”

Section: The Precarious Rain-fed Agricultural Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between ocean climatic variability and rain-fed agriculture in northeast Brazil

Alves¹,

Servain²,

Campos³

2009

Clim. Res.

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The statistical relationship between sea-surface temperature variability over tropical oceans and the 1952 to 2000 crops of maize and beans in the state of Ceará, Brazil, was investigated. This region mainly receives precipitation from February to May. The climatic indices used were the Niño-3 for the Pacific and the dipole index for the Atlantic. In a first series of diagnostic analyses, the climatic precursor variables were examined from November to January (Years 0 to 1) for the Niño-3 index and from February to April (Year 1) for the Atlantic dipole components. The agronomic variables were the planted area, annual production, yield (which showed a negative linear trend during the study period), price, and aggregate value (price/yield) for Year 1. A more robust statistical weight was obtained with the Atlantic dipole. The Pacific weight added to, or decreased, the Atlantic effect, depending on the sign of the index. Ocean climatic conditions that generate drought episodes in the Nordeste region of Brazil are generally associated with bad harvests. However, the reverse (i.e. wet weather episodes) does not necessarily produce good harvests. In a second series of prognostic analyses, a statistical model used the ocean climatic information available before the rainy season to forecast the yields of maize and beans. The model gave some relevant data in terms of yield tendencies, and was more sensitive when the climatic conditions were neutral or dry. Remarkably good yield forecasts were noted at the end of the study period. Harvests depend on complex combinations of multiple climatic criteria related, not only to quantitative, but also qualitative factors connected with the rainy season.KEY WORDS: Climate variability · Northeast Brazil ('Nordeste') · Climatic impact · Rain-fed agriculture Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: The Precarious Rain-fed Agricultural Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between ocean climatic variability and rain-fed agriculture in northeast Brazil

Alves¹,

Servain²,

Campos³

2009

Clim. Res.

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“…Earth systems that receive this water can be defined as follows: (1) fixed water systems (FWS) installed within water-retaining soil layers, wherein water is only used where rainfall occurs; and (2) mobile water systems (MWS) that utilize rivers, reservoirs, aquifers, and lakes. MWSs are used to provide safe drinking water for economic activities (Campos and Studart 2008 ).…”

Section: Methods and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigms and Public Policies on Drought in Northeast Brazil: A Historical Perspective

Campos

2015

Environmental Management

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This paper describes the evolution of drought-related public policies in Northeast Brazil (NEB). Using a historical approach, we show that the evolution of public policy has not been characterized by abrupt shifts, but has instead been shaped through debates between renowned intellectuals. The resulting public policies formed a hydrological infrastructure that delivers clean water needed for robust economic activity. However, outcomes of the 2012–2013 drought show that populations that depend on rain fed agriculture are as vulnerable to drought as they were at the start of the 20th century. Although government, social, and emergency programs have aided drought victims, drought analysts agree that rain fed agriculture has remained vulnerable since drought policies were first formulated. Drought policies formulate integrated water resources management (IWRM) strategies that are geared toward supplying safe drinking water, and debates surrounding the IWRM paradigm have been affected by outcomes of major international events such as the World Water Forum.

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“…O regime hidrológico de seus rios tem como característica marcante a intermitên-cia intra-anual (CAMPOS; STUDART, 2008;PEREIRA;CUELLAR, 2015). Considerando ainda a predominância de solos cristalinos no estado, a disponibilidade hídrica para atender uma população de cerca de 9 milhões de habitantes está basicamente dependente dos estoques de água acumulados em reservatórios superficiais (CAMPOS et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Segurança hídrica do reservatório Castanhão-CE: aplicação da matriz de sistematização institucional

Souza

Studart²,

Pinheiro

et al. 2017

Eng. Sanit. Ambient.

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RESUMO A segurança hídrica envolve o uso sustentável e a proteção dos sistemas hídricos, de modo a se dispor de água em quantidade e qualidade adequadas à saúde, aos meios de subsistência, aos ecossistemas e à produção. No que se refere à gestão da quantidade de água, houve muitos avanços desde a aprovação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos em 1997. As competências e atribuições de cada ente do sistema estão definidas na legislação pertinente. No que se refere à gestão da qualidade de água, no entanto, há um grande número de normativos aplicáveis e de instituições competentes para atuarem na fiscalização e na regulação da matéria. Em função dessa gama de informações, configura-se a necessidade de sistematização e síntese do arcabouço legal/institucional. Para essa finalidade, este trabalho propõe associar a metodologia da matriz de sistematização institucional aos instrumentos de monitoramento ambiental já praticados no Ceará. Espera-se que essa associação propicie visualizar as fontes potencialmente poluidoras, os normativos pertinentes e as instituições competentes. A metodologia foi aplicada ao reservatório Castanhão, no estado do Ceará. Identificou-se que 50% das fontes poluidoras são geradas por entidades públicas (Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Ceará - CAGECE; Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto - SAAE; ou prefeituras municipais). As fontes particulares (pessoas físicas ou jurídicas) contribuem com os outros 50%. Isso significa que ações de controle sobre entidades públicas poderiam resolver em grande parte a poluição da bacia hidrográfica. As agências reguladoras e os órgãos ambientais independentes podem contribuir muito para a redução das fontes de poluição.

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Drought and water policies in Northeast Brazil: backgrounds and rationale

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Relationship between ocean climatic variability and rain-fed agriculture in northeast Brazil

Relationship between ocean climatic variability and rain-fed agriculture in northeast Brazil

Paradigms and Public Policies on Drought in Northeast Brazil: A Historical Perspective

Segurança hídrica do reservatório Castanhão-CE: aplicação da matriz de sistematização institucional

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