Drought and Salinity Stress Responses and Microbe-Induced Tolerance in Plants

Interactive Impacts of Beneficial Microbes and Si-Zn Nanocomposite on Growth and Productivity of Soybean Subjected to Water Deficit under Salt-Affected Soil Conditions

“…Mycorrhizal fungi, N 2 -fixing bacteria, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the most rhizosphere species that have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects on plant growth and served as plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) [ 26 ], which could limit the adverse impact of environmental stressors as well as are eco-friendly and low cost-efficient applications [ 27 ]. PGPMs are considered one of the important keys to solving environmental problems such as drought and salinity, which adverse osmotic stress and stimulate plant growth and development [ 28 ]. Application of PGPM could alleviate the negative impacts of abiotic stresses through the production of phytohormones, i.e., auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, as well as jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, which has the ability to stimulate the systemic tolerance, in addition to producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) [ 28 , 29 ].…”

“…PGPMs are considered one of the important keys to solving environmental problems such as drought and salinity, which adverse osmotic stress and stimulate plant growth and development [ 28 ]. Application of PGPM could alleviate the negative impacts of abiotic stresses through the production of phytohormones, i.e., auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, as well as jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, which has the ability to stimulate the systemic tolerance, in addition to producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) [ 28 , 29 ]. The synthesized phytohormones by PGPMs promote plant cell division and root length, which indirectly enhance the water absorption ratio and regulate the stomatal closure, osmolytes content, and improving activity of antioxidant enzymes, which cause an inhibition in the stress-related oxidative damages resulting in declined leaf transpiration which positively affecting seed production in plants subjected to different abiotic stresses [ 30 ].…”

A Comparative Study of ESTs Induced under Drought and Salinity Stress in Hyacinth Bean (<i>Lablab purpureus</i>)

“…Drought and salinity stress are known to affect the photosynthetic capacity, which is linked to chlorophyll content [90]. Two ESTs one homologous to chlorophyll a/b binding protein, and another showing homology to Photosystem II CP47, a component of Light harvesting complex component was down regulated under drought stress, suggesting reduced photosynthetic capacity in Lablab purpureus.…”

Mechanistic insights of CRISPR/Cas‐mediated genome editing towards enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants

“…Water scarcity and rise in temperature (perceived as outcome of the climate change) adversely affect biological activities such as turgor, chlorophyll content, rate of photosynthesis, carbon assimilation, nutrient acquisition and cellular metabolism, gaseous exchange at leaf surface, and so on that together causes a reduction in the crop yield worldwide (Huang & Gao, 1999; Hussain et al, 2018; Nadeem, Li, Yahya, Wang, et al, 2019; Shao et al, 2008). Water stress encompassing both drought and salinity has shown predominance as unpredictable constraint in the salinization of major proportion of arable land around the globe (Ali et al, 2017; Ma et al, 2020). In the past decade, crop yield has shown a significant decline particularly for crops like rice, wheat, corn; thereby severely impacting global food production (Boyer et al, 2013; Rosenzweig et al, 2014).…”