Drop sizes in annular gas‐liquid flows

Abstract

The droplets that appear in annular gas‐liquid flows are formed by the eruption of wavelets from the surface of the wall layer. Ninety per cent of the volume of this dispersed liquid is carried by only about 10% of the drops. We find, as suggested by Wicks and Dukler, that the distribution of drop sizes can be characterized by an upper limit, log normal function with only one of the three parameters, the volume median diameter, a strong function of flow conditions. A method for predicting the average diameter is suggested which is consistent with a theoretical interpretation based on a Kelvin‐Helmholtz mechanism, whereby the destabilizing force is the pressure variation over the wavelets.

Visual measurements of droplet size in gas–liquid annular flow

“…Most available correlations (Tatterson, et a/., 1977;Kataoka, et aL, 1983;Ambrosini, et a/., 1991) were developed from particular data sets chosen from those listed above. Of these correlations, the one developed by Ambrosini, et a/.…”

Analysis of direct contact condensation of flowing steam onto injected water with multifluid model of two-phase flow.

“…The drops are dispersed in flowing steam at 3-5 cm (X/Dh=1.0--1. 8) downstream of the water injection nozzle. In the vicinity of the water injection nozzle, a dead water region is observed; it disappears by 10-20 cm (X/Dh=3.5-7.0) downstream of the water injection nozzle.…”

Estimation of the radioactive aerosols capture in accidental sequences of nuclear power plants

“…One of the earliest works was carried out by Tatterson et al [Tatterson, 1977], who based on their own data and others' (Wicks and Dukler [Wicks, 1966] and Cousins and Hewitt [Cousins, 1968]) derived a correlation for the volume median diameter valid of vertical and horizontal flows in pipes and channels:…”

“…In particular, in the present work, we have analyzed the following experimental data series: Tatterson's [Tatterson, 1977], Cousins and Hewitt [Tatterson, 1977], Paras and Karabelas [Paras, 1991], Schubring's [Schubring, 2009b] and Alamu's [Alamu, 2010]; the experimental conditions of each of them will be described below. For Tatterson's data, the measurements were taken with the electrical probe technique in a horizontal channel of 0.305 m high and 0.025 m width.…”

“…[Fukano, 1998] Another expression to estimate the liquid film thickness for vertical upward flows proposed by Fukano is where Fr g is the gas Froude number defined by the superficial velocity of the gas phase, Re l is the liquid film Reynolds number defined by the superficial velocity of the liquid phase and x* is the gas quality. These magnitudes are defined as follows [Henstock, 1976;Tatterson, 1977] Other researchers correlated data against additional terms to include effects other than film Reynolds number. Henstock and Hanratty [Henstock, 1976] correlated the film thickness against a limited set of horizontal and vertical air-water data.…”