Drop Size Spectra from Nozzles in High-Speed Airstreams

Yates, W. E.; Cowden, Robert E.; Akesson, N. B.

doi:10.13031/2013.32268

Cited by 32 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, aerial spraying can easily cause droplet drift and off-target damage to the environment or public health [2,3] . The cross wind speed and spray droplet size have long been considered as two of the dominant factors influencing drift [4][5][6] . When the great losses of small droplets were taken into consideration, the droplet size distribution was found more important than average droplet size after the original publication of ASAE S572 [7,8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

Tang¹,

Chen²,

Xu³

et al. 2018

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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A series of air induction nozzles were tested in a high-speed wind tunnel. Droplet size spectra were measured for four air induction nozzles (IDK-120-01, IDK-120-02, IDK-120-03 and IDK-120-04) each at three spray pressures (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa) and seven different air velocities (121.7, 153.4, 185.5, 218.4, 253.5, 277.5 and 305.5 km$h-1). The measurement distance (0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 m) from the nozzle orifice was found to be important for the atomization of the droplets. The response surface method was used to analyze the experimental data. The results indicated that Dv 0.1 and Dv 0.5 of the droplets decreased quasi-linearly with increased wind speed, while Dv 0.9 was affected by the quadratic of wind speed. Dv 0.1 , Dv 0.5 and Dv 0.9 of the droplets were all proportional to the orifice size, and were not markedly influenced by the spray pressure. The percentage of the spray volume consisting of droplets with a diameter below 100 mm (% < 100 mm) was found to be quadratically related to wind speed, and was not markedly influenced by the spray pressure and orifice size. However, the effect of the orifice size on the % < 200 mm could not be ignored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

Tang¹,

Chen²,

Xu³

et al. 2018

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

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“…Research findings were similar to those of Zhu et al (2004), as they also documented that induction-type nozzles penetrate crop canopies more than XR nozzles. Researchers have demonstrated that droplets of size less than 150 µm are prone to drift and reduce subcanopy deposition to crops when applied at greater distances between nozzle and target (Yates et al 1985). Previous studies were often conducted under sustained or generated wind, while our methods avoided the influence of wind by choosing a wind-free day and actively avoiding spray during any detectable gusts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing subcanopy leaf and stolon exposure and associated absorption and translocation of herbicides in semidormant zoysiagrass

Craft,

Godara,

Gonçalves

et al. 2023

Weed Sci

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Turfgrass managers are concerned about zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) injury from nonselective herbicide treatment during winter dormancy. Research was conducted to assess factors affecting spray penetration into semidormant ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass canopies and to evaluate absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate and 14C-glufosinate into green leaves and subtending stolons. Absorption of 14C-glyphosate and 14C-glufosinate was up to four times greater when exposed to stolons than leaves. Zoysiagrass leaves treated with 14C-glufosinate had more rapid 14C absorption than those treated with 14C-glyphosate. More 14C translocated out of the treated area following 14C-glyphosate treatment compared to 14C-glufosinate, and moved more readily from stolon to leaves than from leaves to stolon. When extended range, flat fan spray tips (XR) were positioned 61-cm above zoysiagrass, 73% and 11% of recovered colorant was extracted from dormant vegetation in the upper and lower canopy levels. Turbo TeeJet spray tips (TTI) deposited less droplets into the upper canopy and more droplets into the middle and lower canopy regardless of position above the turf surface. Increasing pressure from 103 to 414 kPa increased droplet velocities from XR and TTI nozzles and decreased droplet diameters of XR nozzles. Droplet diameters were also substantially increased when using TTI nozzles compared to XR nozzles. Droplet diameter and associated mass were more determinant of turfgrass canopy penetration than droplet velocity. At 60 L ha-1 of carrier volume, 23% of colorant reached the lower canopy level, and this quantity increased by 2.3% per additional 100 L ha-1. When carrier volume was reduced from 584 to 60 L ha-1, 48% less colorant was delivered to the lower canopy level. Given that subcanopy stolons are always present and absorb more glyphosate and glufosinate than leaves, practices such as avoiding induction-type nozzles, raising spray height, and reducing spray volume can reduce herbicide delivery and potential injury to semidormant zoysiagrass.

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“…Additionally, active ingredient (Creech et al, 2016;Knoche, 1994;Meyer et al, 2015), spray nozzle (Berger et al, 2014;Etheridge et al, 2001;Johnson et al, 2006;Klein et al, 2009;Miller and Ellis, 2000;Nuyttens et al, 2007;van de Zande et al, 2002;Yates et al, 1985), application pressure (Creech et al, 2015;Nuyttens et al, 2007), and carrier volume (Berger et al, 2014;Knoche, 1994;Reed and Smith, 2001;Shaw et al, 2000;Whisenant et al, 1993) all affect the characteristics of spray droplets themselves.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nozzles used in agriculture production systems commonly produce spray droplets ranging in size from 10 to greater than 1000 µm (Bouse et al, 1990), with droplets < 150 µm (Yates et al, 1985) and 200 µm (Etheridge et al, 2001) classified as droplets with a propensity to drift off-site. Smaller spray droplets with a lower kinetic energy result in greater spray droplet retention on the leaf surface relative to larger droplets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Dicamba-Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) when Applied with Various Dicamba + Insecticide Tank-Mixtures

McNeal,

Dodds,

Catchot

et al. 2023

JCS

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Postemergence herbicide application timings for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) often coincide with foliar insecticide applications in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Combining multiple pesticides into a single application increases efficiency while reducing overall application cost. Multiple foliar insecticides are now labeled for dicamba tank-mixes. However, there is limited literature with respect to efficacy of dicamba on Palmer amaranth control when applied with insecticides. Field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 to evaluate the effect of carrier volume and insecticide on the efficacy of dicamba (XtendiMaxTM with VaporGripTM) to control Palmer amaranth in XtendFlex™ cotton production systems. Dicamba was tank-mixed with acephate and dimethoate to four-leaf cotton and with thiamethoxam and sulfoxaflor just prior to bloom. Applications were made at carrier volumes of 140 and 280 L ha-1 and with a single spray droplet size of 800 µm. Palmer amaranth control 7 d after treatment was negatively impacted when applications included dimethoate; however, no corresponding response in seedcotton yield was observed relative to dicamba applied alone. However, when pooled over carrier volume, applications containing dicamba + acephate resulted in higher seedcotton yield than applications of dicamba + dimethoate. Additionally, pre-bloom applications of dicamba + thiamethoxam or sulfoxaflor increased Palmer amaranth efficacy relative to dicamba applied alone. Although certain insecticides are known to increase herbicidal crop response, the impact of insecticides on herbicide efficacy to control specific weed species is largely unknown. Therefore, we conclude that multiple dicamba + acephate, thiamethoxam, or sulfoxaflor tank-mixtures provide similar control of Palmer amaranth compared to dicamba alone.

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Drop Size Spectra from Nozzles in High-Speed Airstreams

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

Droplet spectra and high-speed wind tunnel evaluation of air induction nozzles

Factors influencing subcanopy leaf and stolon exposure and associated absorption and translocation of herbicides in semidormant zoysiagrass

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Dicamba-Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) when Applied with Various Dicamba + Insecticide Tank-Mixtures

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