Drop-Size Distribution Measurements in Orographic Rain

Anderson, L. J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477-29.7.362

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Two filter papers were used simultaneously to increase the accuracy of rain drop measurement. Ink blotters dusted with potassium manganese used by Anderson [12] and known water densities used by Abudi et al [13], incorporated weights of raindrops to infer size. Several studies [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] used Whatman's No.…”

Section: Stain Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

Kathiravelu

Lucke

Nichols

2016

Water

121

108

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For over a century there have been many studies that describe the use of rain drop measurement techniques. Initial manual measurement methods evolved due to improved technology to include photographic and, more recently, automated disdrometer and laser measurement techniques. Despite these numerous studies, there have been few comparative reviews of the range of methodologies, and their relative performance. This review explores the raindrop measurement techniques available, and summarizes and classifies the techniques according to the method or principle involved. The requirements of a robust raindrop measurement technique are suggested, and these are reviewed against existing rain drop measurement techniques to provide a comparative guide to the use of the range of techniques available for any research study. This review revealed that while advances in technology have allowed many of the deficiencies of early techniques to be eliminated, challenges remain in relation to the precision of the measurement of the size, shape, and velocity of rain drops.

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Section: Stain Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

Kathiravelu

Lucke

Nichols

2016

Water

121

108

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“…1 filter papers previously treated with potassium permanganate and correlating the size of splashes with the drop diameter derived from the weight of water required to produce them (Anderson, 1948). To give the distribution in the air, the number of drops of a particular size was divided by the terminal velocity (Best, 1950).…”

Section: Sprayingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of spraying on the amounts of airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus present in loose-boxes

Sellers

Herniman

1972

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe air of loose-boxes which had previously held pigs infected with foot-andmouth disease was sampled for virus after various procedures. Removal of infected pigs led to a 12-to 16-fold reduction in the amount of virus after 5 min. and a 400-fold reduction after 60 min. After heavy spraying (1.2 mm. of water in 5 min.) the amount of virus was reduced 500-fold compared to 30-fold after light spraying (0.20 mm. of water in 5 min.). The partition of infectivity associated with particle size was measured. The partition found after light spraying was similar to that found 5 min. after the pigs had been removed. Heavy spraying brought about a reduction in the infectivity associated with the large particles (> 6,um.) but had no effect on particles less than 3 ,tm. A similar partition was found 60 min. after the pigs had been removed. The findings are discussed in relation to the spread of foot-and-mouth disease by the airborne route.

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“…Rainfall simulations were performed using a pressure of 2 kg cm −2 over 0.24 m 2 plots with the nozzle placed 2 m above the soil surface and protected from wind effects with plastic sheets. Calibration under these conditions resulted in the following rainfall characteristics: rainfall intensity was 75.2 mm h −1 ; rainfall uniformity (sensu Christiansen, 1942) was 72.94%; drop diameter D 50 (sensu Anderson, 1948) was 1.7 mm and mean terminal speed was 4.0 m s −1 , which implies a kinetic energy of 13.4 J mm −1 m −2 . Rainfall intensity was selected in order to achieve a steady infiltration rate in patches with a dense vegetation cover.…”

Section: Rainfall Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%