Drop-in biofuels from the co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene

Abstract

Co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor, followed by an analysis of the organic phase for possible further application as a drop-in fuel. Significant positive synergistic effects were found with the addition of polystyrene (5-40 wt%) to the conventional pyrolysis of grape seeds. There was a considerable improvement in the organic phase yield, in particular, reaching values over 80 wt%, markedly higher than those obtained from conventional pyrolysis (61 wt%). Fuel properties of the bio-oil were also upgraded, with a decrease in oxygen content and an increase in the heating value. An organic bio-oil fraction with pH values ranging from 5.4 to 6.2 was obtained, reducing the issues associated with handling bio-oils obtained from common pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, usually ranging between 2 and 3. Finally, an increment in the desired compounds, mainly aromatics, was also attained, while at the same time achieving a low content of undesired compounds, such as phenols. It was demonstrated that polystyrene can act as a H 2-donor, favoring oligomerization, cyclation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions into aromatic compounds.

Ca-based Catalysts for the Production of High-Quality Bio-Oils from the Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Grape Seeds and Waste Tyres

“…The solid product (char) was also characterised by determining its calorific value and elemental analysis [30]. The non-condensable gas fraction was determined by GC using a TCD detector coupled to the Hewlett Packard II series [30,66]. Several thermogravimetric analyses were also performed in order to analyse catalyst carbonation.…”

Production and characterization of the maximum liquid product obtained from co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and thermocol waste

“…The increase in aromatics for the co-pyrolysis liquid product could be due to the conversion of phenolics by hydrogenation. However, the reduction in phenolic compounds is reported in literatures during copyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene (Sanahuja-Parejo et al 2019). Whilst, the effect of synergy is explained by many researchers in their respective work, showed an excel in quality of the co-pyrolysis liquid product (Shadangi and Mohanty 2015b;Ozsin 2018;Reshad, Tiwari, and Goud 2019;Akancha, Kumari, and Singh 2019;Hassan, Hameed, and Lim 2020).…”

“…The However, the increase in bio-oil yield is mostly due to radical interaction occurring between SB and TW which leads to a synergistic effect. Several studies are reporting in the literature that established a maximum temperature as 550°C for co-pyrolysis (Chen et al 2016;Izzatie et al 2016;Sanahuja-Parejo et al. 2019; Somasundaram and k 2019).…”

Production and characterization of the maximum liquid product obtained from co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and thermocol waste

“…The However, the increase in bio-oil yield is mostly due to radical interaction occurring between SB and TW which leads to a synergistic effect. Several studies are reporting in the literature that established a maximum temperature as 550°C for co-pyrolysis (Chen et al 2016;Izzatie et al 2016;Sanahuja-Parejo et al 2019;Somasundaram and k 2019). In the utmost part of our study, by considering 550ºC as the maximum temperature, the co-pyrolysis was conducted at various blending ratios of 1:0, 1:1.…”