Drop impact on substrates with heterogeneous stiffness

Abstract

Previous studies on drop impact have mainly focused on homogeneous substrates while heterogeneous substrates have remained largely unexplored. A convenient preparation strategy of stiff heterogeneous substrates is presented in this work, and the drop impact on such stiffness-patterned substrates consisting of soft spirals surrounded by a rigid region is systematically investigated. The results show that the splash behavior of a drop on stiffness-patterned substrates exhibits distinct characteristics from that on homogeneous substrates. Prompt splash is more likely to occur on the substrate with the greater heterogeneity of stiffness, which is reflected in the lower critical impact velocity. Moreover, the splash velocity of emitted droplets is significantly larger on the heterogeneous substrate than that on the corresponding homogeneous substrate, especially at a higher impact velocity of the drop, indicating a stronger splash intensity on heterogeneous substrates. The difference in drop splashing for homogeneous and heterogeneous substrates is largely due to the stiffness heterogeneity, rather than the variation of overall stiffness of the substrate. The use of spiral shape provides a feasible solution for introducing stiffness heterogeneity of substrate. This study generalizes the understanding of drop impact research beyond uniform substrates, reveals the potential of using stiffness-patterned substrates to control splash, and may find useful applications in industries related to drop impact and splash.

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