Drop generation from a vibrating nozzle in an immiscible liquid-liquid system

Abstract

Drop generation from an axially vibrating nozzle exhibits a transition in drop diameter when varying the vibration amplitude. Below a threshold amplitude, forcing has essentially no effect on drop size and drops form in dripping mode. Above the threshold, drop size is controlled by forcing: drops detach at resonance, i.e., when the first eigenfrequency of the growing drop coincides with the forcing frequency. We experimentally study the impact of the nozzle inner diameter, dispersed phase flow rate, interfacial tension, and dispersed phase viscosity on this transition. Drop diameter is well correlated to the mode 1 eigenfrequency of Strani and Sabetta for a drop in partial contact with a spherical bowl. We propose a transient model to describe drop dynamics until detachment. The drop is modelled as a linearly forced harmonic oscillator, with the eigenfrequency of Strani and Sabetta. Since the dispersed phase does not wet the nozzle tip, an additional damping coefficient is introduced to account for the viscous dissipation in the film of continuous phase between the drop and nozzle surface. The model adequately reproduces the effect of the different parameters on the threshold amplitude.

Dripping to jetting transition for cross-flowing liquids

“…For both systems, a good estimate of the interfacial tension when drops form is given by the value of the dynamic interfacial tension at the intermediate plateau. 23,24 This value is greater than the equilibrium value. For system 2, we consider that micelles have no specific impact on the process examined: surfactant essentially modifies the intermediate plateau value.…”