Driving force to detect Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: application of a thioflavine T@Er-MOF ratiometric fluorescent sensor for smart detection of presenilin 1, amyloid β-protein and acetylcholine

Abstract

ThT@Er-MOF has been successfully applied in highly sensitive detection of three main Alzheimer Disease biomarkers through three different low cost and facile detection strategies.

Engineering of Metal–Organic Frameworks as Ratiometric Sensors

“…The ratiometric fluorescence sensor ThT@Er-MOF was able to detect the aforementioned AD biomarkers. 200 In the detection of presenilin 1, the spilled DNA strategy employed in the labelfree recognition of SSODN (part of the presenilin 1 gene) where fluorescence of ThT was enhanced due to the hydrogenbonding interactions between DNA and the MOF network. In the case of Aβ detection, it was observed that ThT has a special affinity for Aβ and displayed a brilliant characteristic fluorescence band (Figure 68).…”

“…In this regard, Ding and co-workers used solvothermal and facile ultrasonic method to prepare novel MOF [Er­(L)­(DMF) 1.27 ] n (Er-MOF) where fluorescent dye thioflavine T (ThT) was incorporated through postsynthetic modification of Er-MOF. The ratiometric fluorescence sensor ThT@Er-MOF was able to detect the aforementioned AD biomarkers . In the detection of presenilin 1, the spilled DNA strategy employed in the label-free recognition of SSODN (part of the presenilin 1 gene) where fluorescence of ThT was enhanced due to the hydrogen-bonding interactions between DNA and the MOF network.…”

“…Detection mechanism of Aβ by ThT@Er-MOF. Reproduced with permission from ref . Royal Society of Chemistry, Copyright 2020.…”

Multiplexed optical fiber sensors for dynamic brain monitoring

“…Through the detection of fluorescence and colorimetric signals, the recognition of biomarkers would lead to changes in optical intensity or peak shifts in reflection spectra. 15,[22][23][24] Thus, optical sensors are MR compatible, immune to electromagnetic interference, and have lower signal drifts in continuous monitoring. When the optical sensors are combined with optical fibers, remote and deep brain sensing can also be achieved.…”

Bioinspired Synthesis of ZnO@polydopamine/Au for Label-Free Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay of Amyloid-β Protein

“…( Nakamura, Kaneko et al, 2018 ; Laís Canniatti, Isabella et al, 2019 ) In blood, the physiological concentrations of Aβ is several picograms per milliliter. To date, a great deal of sensing techniques has been performed to detect Aβ protein, including ELISA( Linan, Son et al, 2016 ), ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS)( Obata, Murakami et al, 2020 ), colorimetric biosensor( Xi, Shuangling et al, 2021 ), electrochemical( Carneiro, Loureiro et al, 2017 ), fluorescence( Lee, Park et al, 2019 ; Wang, Du et al, 2020 ; Wen-Kai, Liu et al, 2021 ), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy( Yang, Hwang et al, 2019 ), and photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensors( Wang, Fan et al, 2018 ). Among them, the PEC biosensor is an innovative and attractive analytical technique for quantitative study in the biological analysis due to its intrinsic merits such as label-free, high signal-to-noise ratio, rapid response, and is more readily miniaturized.…”