Driving Factors of Globalization: An Empirical Analysis of the Developed and Developing Countries

Naz, Arab; Ahmad, Eatzaz

doi:10.22547/ber/10.1.6

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…- Other important determinants of globalization, especially economic globalization, may be: quality of institutions and economic structures, market size, trade openness, tendency to tax economic actors, or labor cost [ 35 , 57 , 58 ]. However, we reasoned that these were not obviously related to the burden of OUD (other than via other confounders mentioned above and already included in our statistical model).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of globalization with the burden of opioid use disorders 2019. A country-level analysis using targeted maximum likelihood estimation

Barbalat,

Reddy,

Franck

2023

Global Health

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Background The “opioid crisis” has been responsible for hundreds of thousands deaths in the US, and is at risk of dissemination worldwide. Within-country studies have demonstrated that the rise of opioid use disorders (OUD) is linked to increased access to opioid prescriptions and to so-called “diseases of despair”. Both have been related to the emergence of globalization policies since the 1980s. First, globalized countries have seen a reorganization of healthcare practices towards quick and easy answers to complex needs, including increased opioid prescriptions. Second, despair has gained those suffering from the mutations of socio-economic systems and working conditions that have accompanied globalization policies (e.g. delocalization, deindustrialization, and the decline of social services). Here, using data with high quality ratings from the Global Burden of Disease database, we evaluated the country-based association between four levels of globalization and the burden of OUD 2019. Results The sample included 87 countries. Taking into account potential country-level confounders, we found that countries with the highest level of globalization were associated with a 31% increase in the burden of OUD 2019 compared to those with the lowest level of globalization (mean log difference: 0.31; 95%CI, 0.04–0.57; p = 0.02). Additional analyses showed a significant effect for low back pain (mean log difference: 0.07; 95%CI, 0.02–0.12; p = 0.007). In contrast, despite sharing some of the risk factors of OUD, other mental and substance use disorders did not show any significant relationship with globalization. Finally, socio-cultural de jure globalization, which compiles indicators related to gender equality, human capital and civil rights, was specifically associated with the burden of OUD (mean log difference: 0.49; 95%CI: 0.23,0.75; p < 0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that OUD may have inherent underpinnings linked to globalization, and more particularly socio-cultural aspects of globalization. Key factors may be increased rights to access prescriptions, as well as increased feelings of despair related to the erosion of local cultures and widening educational gaps.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of globalization with the burden of opioid use disorders 2019. A country-level analysis using targeted maximum likelihood estimation

Barbalat,

Reddy,

Franck

2023

Global Health

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“…Technology is also the main support for various economic activities such as industry, international trade, education, and socio-politics. The rapid development of technology has succeeded in creating a new era known as the era of information openness (Naz & Ahmad, 2018).…”

Section: Globalization and Digital Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Challenges of the State Defense Paradigm in the Era of Globalization

Fathun,

Maharani,

Angkotasan

2023

Pertahanan

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<p>In the era of globalization, efforts to defend the country no longer involve physical warfare. This study aims to describe the opportunities and challenges to defend Indonesia in the globalization era. This research was conducted because it has an urgency that there is a meaning of disruption in the paradigm of state defense in the era of globalization. This study is a descriptive-qualitative study that used library research to collect data from surveys, observations, Focus Group Discussions, and Interviews. This study finds that through the digital era, social media platforms will create interactive, communicative, and multi-channel communication dialogue patterns that will create a digital community that loves the motherland and is aware of the nation and state. Besides, the transformation of the value of State Defense in the digital era is more effective than previously. On the other side, Indonesia is still facing cultural, structural, and postural challenges. Thus, the challenges faced also need to be considered and prevented together with all existing stakeholders and state defense agents.</p>

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“…The current wave of globalization is driven by factors such as economic and financial, political, technological and social factors such as culture, mass media, and values of consumerism [ 53 ].…”

Section: Factors Less Well Addressed By Sdgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and future pandemics: a global systems approach and relevance to SDGs

Thoradeniya

Jayasinghe

2021

Global Health

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely impacting modern human civilization. A global view using a systems science approach is necessary to recognize the close interactions between health of animals, humans and the environment. Discussion A model is developed initially by describing five sequential or parallel steps on how a RNA virus emerged from animals and became a pandemic: 1. Origins in the animal kingdom; 2. Transmission to domesticated animals; 3. Inter-species transmission to humans; 4. Local epidemics; 5. Global spread towards a pandemic. The next stage identifies global level determinants from the physical environments, the biosphere and social environment that influence these steps to derive a generic conceptual model. It identifies that future pandemics are likely to emerge from ecological processes (climate change, loss of biodiversity), anthropogenic social processes (i.e. corporate interests, culture and globalization) and world population growth. Intervention would therefore require modifications or dampening these generators and prevent future periodic pandemics that would reverse human development. Addressing issues such as poorly planned urbanization, climate change and deforestation coincide with SDGs such as sustainable cities and communities (Goal 11), climate action (Goal 13) and preserving forests and other ecosystems (Goal 15). This will be an added justification to address them as global priorities. Some determinants in the model are poorly addressed by SDGs such as the case of population pressures, cultural factors, corporate interests and globalization. The overarching process of globalization will require modifications to the structures, processes and mechanisms of global governance. The defects in global governance are arguably due to historical reasons and the neo-liberal capitalist order. This became evident especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 when the vaccination roll-out led to violations of universal values of equity and right to life by some of the powerful and affluent nations. Summary A systems approach leads us to a model that shows the need to tackle several factors, some of which are not adequately addressed by SDGs and require restructuring of global governance and political economy.

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Driving Factors of Globalization: An Empirical Analysis of the Developed and Developing Countries

Abstract: There are several economic, political, social and

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Association of globalization with the burden of opioid use disorders 2019. A country-level analysis using targeted maximum likelihood estimation

Association of globalization with the burden of opioid use disorders 2019. A country-level analysis using targeted maximum likelihood estimation

Opportunities and Challenges of the State Defense Paradigm in the Era of Globalization

COVID-19 and future pandemics: a global systems approach and relevance to SDGs

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