Driving experience and situation awareness in hazard detection

Underwood, Geoffrey; Ngai, Athy; Underwood, Jean

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2012.05.025

Cited by 87 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The trained group showed higher means in comparison to the untrained group in a post-test session, and these results support the conclusions of Wetton et al, (2013) and Underwood et al, (2013):…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Proactive Listening to a Training Commentary improves hazard prediction

et al. 2016

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The aim of this work was to explore the effect of Proactive Listening to a Training Commentary, using the recently developed version of the Spanish Hazard Perception test. Firstly, 16 videos were used in the pre-test session in its short version, cut to black just before the hazard appearance. The What Happens Next Assessment (at the pre-test stage) generates expectations about the outcome of the traffic situation. Then, the training (8 minutes in length) uses the complete version of the same 16 videos, revealing the hazards unfolding. It involves listening to a voice with relevant information about where to allocate attention in the complex driving scene in order to recognise and anticipate the hazard successfully. A total of 121 participants were included in this study The sample consisted of learner, novice and experienced drivers, including re-offender and non-offender drivers. The participants were divided into 2 groups: a trained and an untrained group. Two assessment times were used: pre-test (16 videos) and post-test sessions (another 16 videos). The test presented a high internal consistency (Alpha = 0.875). This training shows significant positive effects for all types and groups of participants. No significant differences were found between the non-offender and the offender groups. Performance in gradual-onset hazard events can be improved after training but also by practice; however this training is essential and especially beneficial for training the ability to detect hazards that appear abruptly (which seems to be difficult to improve just by practice).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Underwood, et al, (2013) suggested the following classification of hazard situations: those where hazards appeared gradually vs. those where hazards appeared abruptly. The gradual onset hazard videos are those that show events unfolding (for example, a football flying out of a driveway can predict that children are nearby).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proactive Listening to a Training Commentary improves hazard prediction

et al. 2016

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“…Chi et al, 1981), and thus uses the environment to predict the potential hazard. This distinction is loosely similar to the gradual and abrupt distinction used by Underwood et al (2013), the materialised and hidden-unmaterialised hazards of Borowsky and Oron-Gilad (2013), and the overt and covert latent hazards used by Vlakveld et al (2011).…”

Section: Experiments 3: Investigating the Relationship Between Precursmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…It has been noted that traditional measures of hazard perception (primarily response time measures) have produced mixed results with some notable studies failing to identify driver group differences (e.g. Chapman and Underwood., 1998;Crundall et al, 1999Crundall et al, , 2002Sagberg and Bjornskau, 2006;Borowsky et al, 2010, Underwood, et al, 2013. While these failures to replicate may relate to differences in the stimuli used by various research groups, one other possibility is that the interplay of the various subcomponents of a typical HP response may mask underlying differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a follow on study, Borowsky and Oron-Gilad (2013) compared 'materialised' and 'hidden unmaterialised' hazards and reported that their novice drivers had particular problems spotting hazards when they were hidden by the environment. However, another recent study failed to find any interaction between hazard precursor and driver group, when comparing abrupt hazards with gradual-onset hazards across novice and experienced car drivers (Underwood, Ngai, and Underwood, 2013).…”

Section: Experiments 3: Investigating the Relationship Between Precursmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Hazard prediction discriminates between novice and experienced drivers

Crundall

2016

Accident Analysis & Prevention

146

135

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Typical hazard perception tests often confound multiple processes in their responses. The current study tested hazard prediction in isolation to assess whether this component can discriminate between novice and experienced drivers. A variant of the hazard perception test, based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, found experienced drivers to outperform novices across three experiments suggesting that the act of predicting an imminent hazard is a crucial part of the hazard-perception process. Furthermore three additional hypotheses were tested in these experiments. First, performance was compared across clips of different length. There was marginal evidence that novice drivers' performance suffered with the longest clips, but experienced drivers' performance did not, suggesting that experienced drivers find hazard prediction less effortful. Secondly, predictive accuracy was found to be dependent on the temporal proximity of visual precursors to the hazard. Thirdly the relationship between the hazard and its precursor was found to be important, with less obvious precursors improving the discrimination between novice and experience drivers. These findings demonstrate that a measure of hazard prediction, which is less confounded by the influence of risk appraisal than simple response time measures, can still discriminate between novice and experienced drivers. Application of this methodology under different conditions can produce insights into the underlying processes that may be at work, whilst also providing an alternative test of driver skill in relation to the detection of hazards.3

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