Driving after brain injury: Does dual-task modality matter?

Vickers, Kayci L.; Schultheis, Maria T.; Manning, Kevin J.

doi:10.3233/nre-172301

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is important for clinical psychologists and occupational therapists to make a thorough assessment and include an individual perspective in decisions about continued driving after an injury or disease affecting the brain. In addition to an impaired cognitive function after an acquired brain injury (ABI), which might affect driving ability (Vickers, Schultheis & Manning, 2018), age has been shown to have an effect on safe driving. Old (>75 years) as well as young people (18-24 years), but for different reasons, have been found to have five to six times higher risk of causing and/or dying from a traffic accident, compared with middle-aged groups (Trafa, 2019); this should be taken into account in driving assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness to drive after acquired brain injury: Results from patient cognitive screening and on‐road assessment compared to age‐adjusted norm values

Samuelsson

Lundqvist

Selander

et al. 2021

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Fitness to drive after acquired brain injury or disease is a common question in rehabilitation settings. The aim of the study was to compare age-matched norms with patient cognitive test results used to predict fitness to drive. A second aim was to analyze the contribution from an on-road assessment to a final decision on resumption of driving after an acquired brain injury. Retrospective cognitive test results from four traffic medicine units (n = 333) were compared with results from a healthy norm population (n = 410) in Sweden. Patients were dichotomized according to the final decision as fit or unfit to drive made by the traffic medicine team. The norm group had significantly better results in all age groups for all cognitive tests compared with the patients considered unfit to drive and fit to drive. A binary regression analysis for the patient group showed an explained value for fit to drive/unfit to drive of 88%, including results for the Nordic Stroke Driver Screening Assessment total score, Useful Field of View total score and the final outcome from an on-road assessment. Results from the present study illustrate the importance of using several tests, methods and contexts for the final decision regarding fitness to drive.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness to drive after acquired brain injury: Results from patient cognitive screening and on‐road assessment compared to age‐adjusted norm values

Samuelsson

Lundqvist

Selander

et al. 2021

Scandinavian J Psychology

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“…While assessing such outcomes is often difficult and impractical, technologies such as virtual reality (VR) provide a potential way forward. Numerous neuropsychological VR tasks have been used with patients with traumatic brain injury to assess complex, real-world behaviors including shopping (Canty et al, 2014), making coffee (Besnard et al, 2016), and driving (Vickers et al, 2018), among many other everyday activities. Thus, the use of VR may help overcome the impractical (and perhaps perilous) task of assessing real-world behaviors such as those related to driving ability (e.g., attentional focus, perception and avoidance of hazards).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Game a Day Keeps Cognitive Decline Away? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially-Available Brain Training Programs in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

2021

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The rising prevalence rates of age-related cognitive impairment are a worldwide public concern, bringing about a surge in the number of "brain training" programs commercially available to the general public. Numerous companies advertise that their products improve memory and protect against cognitive decline, though researchers have voiced concerns regarding the validity of such claims. To address this issue, the current meta-analytic investigation examined evidence from 43 studies (encompassing 2,636 participants) to evaluate the efficacy of commercial training programs within two separate populations: healthy older adults and older adults with mild cognitive-impairment (MCI). Seven programs were identified: BrainGymmer, BrainHQ, CogMed, CogniFit, Dakim, Lumosity, and MyBrainTrainer. Analyses yielded small, significant near-transfer effects for both healthy and MCI samples. Far-transfer was not observed for the MCI sample, whereas a small, significant effect was found for subjective but not objective measures of far-transfer in the healthy sample. Analyses of individual domains (combining near-and far-transfer outcomes) yielded significant transfer to executive-functioning, memory, and processing-speed in healthy older adults. After adjusting for publication bias, only the effect size for processing speed remained significant. Transfer to attention, objective everyday functioning, fluid-intelligence, and visuospatial domains was not significant. Thus, whilst "brain training" may be suitable for enjoyment and entertainment purposes, there is currently insufficient empirical evidence to support that such training can improve memory, general cognition, or everyday functioning. This area of research is still in its infancy and warrants further investigation to provide more substantial evidence regarding the efficacy of this rapidly expanding industry.

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“…Module 2 -Secondary Task. The same roadway and conditions as module 1, but with 2 secondary tasks (order randomized) while driving: 1) coin-sorting: participants were given amounts of change to count out for half of the module (Vickers, Schultheis, & Manning, 2018); and 2) conversation: participants engaged in a naturalistic conversation via hands-free Bluetooth ® with an unfamiliar research assistant for the other half of the module.…”

Section: Experimental Designs and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Simulator Assessment of Fitness-to-Drive Following Traumatic Brain Injury

McManus

Bell

Stavrinos

2019

Proceedings of the 10th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design: Dri

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Returning to driving is a major goal for individuals recovering from a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinicians have a variety of tools to assess the ability to return to driving for TBI patients, including cognitive assessments, but on-road instrumented vehicle driving assessments have been considered the gold standard. However, these on-road assessments are limited in the ability to ethically expose drivers to certain driving situations or environments. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of a high-fidelity driving simulator to assess driving performance in individuals who have sustained a moderate-to-severe TBI, as well as associate cognitive measures commonly used in this population with simulated driving outcomes. Fourteen participants from a TBI clinic were recruited to drive in a simulator through a series of increasingly complex diving modules: 1) basic vehicle operation; 2) secondary task engagement while driving; 3) car following; 4) divided attention; and 5) navigating left hand turns across oncoming traffic. Half (n = 7) had been released to return to drive and half (n = 7) were considered to never be able to return to driving. Although general trends suggest non-drivers exhibit slower driving and increased lane position variation, group differences driving were not shown likely due to small sample sizes. Differences in patterns of cognitive correlates with driving were found, with higher order cognitive processes, like working memory, being more associated with driving outcomes in active drivers. Suggestions for driving scenario development in this population are discussed.

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Driving after brain injury: Does dual-task modality matter?

Abstract: These results indicate that long-term driving difficulties following ABI are subtle and likely due to reduced cognitive resources.

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Fitness to drive after acquired brain injury: Results from patient cognitive screening and on‐road assessment compared to age‐adjusted norm values

Fitness to drive after acquired brain injury: Results from patient cognitive screening and on‐road assessment compared to age‐adjusted norm values

A Game a Day Keeps Cognitive Decline Away? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially-Available Brain Training Programs in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

Driving Simulator Assessment of Fitness-to-Drive Following Traumatic Brain Injury

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