Driving a channel through a levee when the levee is high: An outcrop example of submarine down-dip entrenchment

Brunt, Rufus L.; Celma, Claudio Di; Hodgson, David M.; Flint, Stephen S.; Kavanagh, John P.; Merwe, Willem C. van der

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.02.016

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Channels hundreds of meters wide, tens of meters high have been documented, on seismic data in the Gulf of Mexico (Sylvester et al, 2012) and Congo (Deptuck et al, 2007;Jobe et al, 2015), and on bathymetric data from offshore California (Maier et al, 2012). Similar channels have also been documented at outcrops (Brunt et al, 2013;Figueiredo et al, 2013;Gardner et al, 2003;Di Celma et al, 2011;Moody et al, 2012;Bain and Hubbard, 2016). Furthermore, km-wide channels are recorded in the modern Amazon and Zaire fans (Pirmez and Flood, 1995;Babonneau et al, 2002).…”

Section: Scale Comparison With Other Submarine Channel Systemsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a submarine channel system in SE Brazil (Espírito Santo Basin): Scale comparison with other submarine channel systems

Qin

Alves

Constantine

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Detailed morphological analyses of a Pleistocene-Holocene submarine channel system in terms of its hierarchical framework, were carried out using a 3D seismic volume from offshore Espírito Santo, SE Brazil. The channel morphology shows marked variations, with five segments (Segments a to e) being identified along its full length. For example, the cross-sectional area of the channel decreases by a factor of 70 from Segment a to Segment c, and is then followed by a nearly four-fold increase from Segment c to Segment d. The significant changes in channel morphology relate to temporal and spatial variations in flow volume within the channel. In the same channel system, the valley reveals three distinct segments (Segments A to C), with similar aspect ratios but marked variations in morphology along the valley distance. Valley morphological changes are chiefly affected by erosional processes. Segment B is characterised by the largest valley-base width, valley width, and cross-sectional area compared to the other two segments. Valley enlargement in Segment B results from relatively high degrees of lateral channel migration and associated cut bank erosion, leading to the widening of the valley, especially the valley base. In Segment C, the valley is characterised by inner bank erosion in the form of shallow-seated mass failures, which only enlarged the upper part of the valley wall. The spatial variations in both channel and valley morphology documented here suggest an important role of local factors (e.g. salt diapirs, tributaries, overbank collapse) in the development of channel systems. Hence, the morphological analyses developed in this work provide an effective tool for studying channels and valleys on continental slopes around the world.

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Section: Scale Comparison With Other Submarine Channel Systemsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a submarine channel system in SE Brazil (Espírito Santo Basin): Scale comparison with other submarine channel systems

Qin

Alves

Constantine

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…Flint et al, 2011;van der Merwe et al 2014). As sand is less compressible than clay (Sclater and Christie, 1980;Baldwin and Butler 1985), most of the folding was post- of ~20 m across the study area (Brunt et al 2013b;van der Merwe et al 2014), would be underestimated by 7.5 km 3 without restoration under those assumptions. Both restoration methodologies produce similar results in terms of total area change across the Laingsburg depocenter, but the 3D restorations illustrate that rather than increasing linearly as suggested by the 2D restoration, longitudinal strain displays local variability (Fig.…”

Section: Reservoir Analogue Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grecula et al 2003;Flint et al 2011;Hodgson et al 2011a;Brunt et al, 2013b;van der Merwe et al, 2014;Jones et al 2015). Post-depositional deformation around Laingsburg was previously constrained for a small area (Newton 1993(Newton , 1995, so published paleogeographic reconstructions (e.g.…”

Section: Reservoir Analogue Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palinspastic restoration of an exhumed deepwater system: A workflow to improve paleogeographic reconstructions

et al. 2015

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“…The wide belt of channel complexes and composite external levees on the north side of the Baviaans syncline suggests that the absence of frontal lobes at the base of C2 external levees cannot be ascribed to low preservation potential and indicates persistent sediment bypass of high-energy flows (Stevenson et al, 2015). Sand-rich C2 lobe deposits are found approximately 25 km (15.5 mi) downdip of the study area Brunt et al, 2013a), which is consistent with an accommodationlimited slope in the study area, such that flows remained in sand bypass mode. Deposition of a crevasse or frontal lobe (or splay) is common where there is available accommodation following an initial breach of an external levee (Fildani et al, 2006).…”

Section: An Exhumed Example Of An Avulsion Nodementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Triggers for avulsion events include allocyclic controls such as changes in climate, sea level, or tectonics (Kolla, 2007;Maier et al, 2012). Autocyclic controls may include increasing channel sinuosity (Kolla, 2007), limited downstream accommodation, and backfilling of individual channel thalwegs caused by lobe deposition (Prélat et al, 2010) or breaching of a levee and response to a changed base level (Fildani et al, 2006;Brunt et al, 2013a;Covault et al, 2014;Ortiz-Karpf et al, 2015). However, the lack of longitudinal migration of the C2 avulsion node points to an underlying control, such as a break-in-slope, although this is too subtle to resolve at outcrop.…”

Section: An Exhumed Example Of An Avulsion Nodementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating outcrop and subsurface data to assess the temporal evolution of a submarine channel–levee system

et al. 2016

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The morphological evolution of submarine channel systems can be documented using high-resolution three-dimensional seismic data sets. However, these studies provide limited information on the distribution of sedimentary facies within channel fills, channelscale stacking patterns, or the detailed stratigraphic relationship with adjacent levee-overbank deposits. Seismic-scale outcrops of unit C2 in the Permian Fort Brown Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa, on two subparallel fold limbs comprise thin-bedded successions, interpreted as external levee deposits, which are adjacent to channel complexes, with constituent channels filled with thick-bedded structureless sandstones, thinner-bedded channel margin facies, and internal levee deposits. Research boreholes intersect all these deposits, to link sedimentary facies and channel stacking patterns identified in core and on image logs and detailed outcrop correlation panels. Key characteristics, including depth of erosion, stacking patterns, and cross-cutting relationships, have been constrained, allowing paleogeographic reconstruction of six channel complexes in a 36-km 2 (14-mi 2 ) area. The system evolved from an early, deeply incised channel complex, through a series of external levee-confined and laterally stepping channel complexes culminating in an aggradational channel complex confined by both internal and external levees. Down-dip divergence of six channel complexes from the same location suggests the presence of a unique example of an exhumed deep-water avulsion node. Down-dip, external levees are supplied by flows that escaped from channel complexes of different ages and spatial positions and are partly confined and share affinities with internal levee successions. The absence of frontal lobes suggests that the channels remained in sand bypass mode immediately after avulsion.

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Driving a channel through a levee when the levee is high: An outcrop example of submarine down-dip entrenchment

Cited by 41 publications

References 56 publications

Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a submarine channel system in SE Brazil (Espírito Santo Basin): Scale comparison with other submarine channel systems

Quantitative seismic geomorphology of a submarine channel system in SE Brazil (Espírito Santo Basin): Scale comparison with other submarine channel systems

Palinspastic restoration of an exhumed deepwater system: A workflow to improve paleogeographic reconstructions

Integrating outcrop and subsurface data to assess the temporal evolution of a submarine channel–levee system

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