“…Decoupling between environmental impacts and economic activities has been studied intensely over the last few decades and recently several literature reviews have been compiled. ,,, In the case of metal use and its associated environmental impacts, the decoupling literature is however limited. These papers study (a) aggregate material footprints (i.e., no distinguishing between individual metals and other materials); ,,− (b) the impacts of the metal sector based on monetary flows instead of physical production values; ,, (c) solely resource decoupling instead of impact decoupling; ,,,− (d) domestic material consumption instead of material footprints; ,, (e) metal ores instead of actual metal production in physical units; ,,,− ,, (f) only scope one and two emissions; (g) specific regions; ,, or a combination of these. A subset of these papers also applies structural or index decomposition analysis (IDA), but these are all subject to point (a), (b), and/or (c) ,,,− (see Supporting Information S1 for an overview of which limitations each study has).…”