Drivers of vaccination preferences to protect a low-value livestock resource: Willingness to pay for Newcastle disease vaccines by smallholder households

Campbell, Zoë; Otieno, Linus; Shirima, Gabriel; Marsh, Thomas L.; Palmer, Guy H.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.058

Cited by 34 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Those who had better knowledge were observed to be willing to pay more. Similar finding of increasing WTP with increase in vaccine knowledge level was reported for other livestock vaccines [17]. This has been also observed in human vaccine where people who have better vaccine related knowledge are willing to pay more [31].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Willingness To Paysupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Willingness to pay studies using contingent valuation methods are also increasingly being used in in animal disease control in recent years [13][14][15][16][17]. Brief review of literature on earlier application of contingent valuation method in animal health and associated areas can be found in Bennet and Balcombe [13].…”

Section: Contingent Valuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, contingent valuation can be used to determine the WTP for these public goods. This could be for a vaccine under development and yet not marketed [13] or for existing vaccines, which are poorly adopted for variety of reasons including price sensitivity [14,15,17].…”

Section: Contingent Valuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Farmers’ willingness to pay for foot and mouth disease vaccine in different cattle production systems in Amhara region of Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Although foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Ethiopia, use of vaccines to control the disease has been practiced sparingly. This is due to perceived high cost of good quality FMD vaccine, and consequently limited availability of the vaccine in the market. This study was conducted to assess farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for a quality FMD vaccine and identify factors that could potentially influence their WTP in Amhara region of Ethiopia. A total of 398 farmers from four districts that represent the mixed crop-livestock and market oriented production systems were enrolled for the study. The WTP was estimated using contingent valuation method with a double-bound dichotomous choice bid design. Interval regression analysis was used to estimate mean WTP and identify factors that influence it. The results showed that the mean WTP of all farmers was Ethiopian Birr (ETB) 58.23 (95% CI: 56.20-60.26)/annual dose. It was ETB 75.23 (95% CI: 72. 97-74.49) for market oriented farmers and ETB 42.6 (95%CI: 41.24-43.96) for mixed crop livestock farmers. Willingness to pay for the vaccine was significantly higher for farmers in market oriented system than in mixed crop livestock system. It was also significantly higher for farmers whose main livelihood is livestock than those whose main livelihood is other than livestock, and for farmers who keep exotic breed cattle and their crosses than those who keep only local cattle breeds. Willingness to pay significantly increased with increase in FMD impact perception and vaccine knowledge scores of farmers. The high mean WTP estimates showed that farmers are enthusiastic about using the FMD vaccine. Market-oriented farmers with higher willingness to pay may be more likely to pay full cost if official FMD vaccination is planned in the country than mixed crop livestock farmers. Animal health extension about livestock diseases impact and vaccines has a potential to increase farmers' uptake of vaccines for disease control.

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Section: Factors Affecting Willingness To Paysupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Contingent Valuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Farmers’ willingness to pay for foot and mouth disease vaccine in different cattle production systems in Amhara region of Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…The end users of the vaccines are chicken-owning households that perceive both vaccine types to be effective and use them interchangeably, as evidenced by their purchasing behavior and focus group commentary. This is supported by results from the same study framework showing that households had high willingness to pay for ND vaccines, indicating that ND vaccines are valued and preferred [34]. In all six study villages, households report accessing both types of vaccine which confirms that the choice of which vaccine to use is often being made at the household level although availability at the agrovet may dictate choice in some cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Why isn’t everyone using the thermotolerant vaccine? Preferences for Newcastle disease vaccines by chicken-owning households in Tanzania

Campbell¹,

Thumbi²,

Marsh³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Understanding preferences for veterinary vaccines in low and middle-income countries is important for increasing vaccination coverage against infectious diseases, especially when the consumer is responsible for choosing between similar vaccines. Over-the-counter sales of vaccines without a prescription gives decision-making power to consumers who may value vaccine traits differently from national or international experts and vaccine producers and distributers. We examine consumer preferences for La Sota and I-2 Newcastle disease vaccines in Tanzania to understand why two vaccines co-exist in the market when I-2 is considered technically superior because of its thermotolerance. Household survey and focus group results indicate consumers perceive both vaccines to be effective, use the two vaccines interchangeably when the preferred vaccine is unavailable, and base preferences more on administration style than thermotolerance. Considering the consumers’ perspectives provides a way to increase vaccination coverage by targeting users with a vaccine that fits their preferences.

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“…The second approach is based on stated preference which tries to determine the total economic value by incorporating both non-use value and option value through contingent valuation, conjoint analysis or contingent choice methods. Derived from direct and indirect surveys, the stated preference approach has been popularized by studies of the willingness to vaccinate or to pay for vaccines against human diseases (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) and recently against animal diseases (25).…”

Section: Literature Review and Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Willingness to Vaccinate (WTV) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Vaccination Against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Mali

et al. 2020

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PPR remains a major challenge to smallholder farmers in Mali. To understand the drivers of low adoption of vaccination by farmers, we analyzed the socio-economic factors influencing farmer WTV during and in the absence of vaccination campaigns. Given that the costs associated with vaccination are largely borne by farmers, we assessed factors that associated with farmer willingness to pay (WTP) more than the current price (150 XOF per dose) by considering two attributes of improvement of the vaccines empirically highlighted as potential leverage points for intervention: access of farmers to vaccines (reducing the distance to the vaccine) and availability of information about the quality of the vaccine (introducing a vaccine viability detector). Data were collected in Mopti and Sikasso regions from 304 producers. Overall (n = 304), 89 percent of respondents vaccinated their herds during official vaccination campaigns. They are associated with receiving information on the campaign calendar more quickly if information is relayed at places of worship and if they have an awareness of the benefits of vaccination, including the protection of third parties. Only 39 percent of respondents vaccinate outside vaccination campaigns. They are positively linked to the credibility of private veterinarians and a recognition of the vital importance of vaccines but are negatively associated with ignorance of vaccination needs and concern about vaccine side-effects. Both distance-effects and quality-tracker effects are associated with farmer willingness to pay more than the current vaccine prices. Farmers practicing semi-intensive production systems are willing to pay 20 percent more than the current vaccine prices, as are users who believe in the beneficial effects of vaccination, users who consider the prices of vaccines as fair, and those who believe that some vaccines are more important than others. Factors that discourage producers from vaccinating or from paying more for vaccination would be more effectively managed with better communication on vaccine benefits through targeted information dissemination campaigns by Malian authorities. Greater price transparency throughout the vaccine production and deployment chain is critical, while timely availability of vaccine tested for viability would increase the willingness to vaccinate while improving access.

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Drivers of vaccination preferences to protect a low-value livestock resource: Willingness to pay for Newcastle disease vaccines by smallholder households

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Farmers’ willingness to pay for foot and mouth disease vaccine in different cattle production systems in Amhara region of Ethiopia

Farmers’ willingness to pay for foot and mouth disease vaccine in different cattle production systems in Amhara region of Ethiopia

Why isn’t everyone using the thermotolerant vaccine? Preferences for Newcastle disease vaccines by chicken-owning households in Tanzania

Willingness to Vaccinate (WTV) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Vaccination Against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Mali

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