Drivers for stationary fuel cells

Adamson, Kerry-Ann

doi:10.1016/b978-008045118-3.50008-x

Cited by 7 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…A single cell produces a low output of about 1 V; a series arrangement of some cells leads to the development of the FC "stack", which can produce higher voltage output. The fuel cell power plant arrangement comprises the stack, balance of plant (BOP), inverter, and, if required, a fuel reformer may also be integrated [35]. The BOP refers to the parts of the FC system other than the generating component, just like balance of system (BOS) in the photovoltaic plant.…”

Section: H → 4h + 4ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, either protons or oxide ions travel via the electrolyte, while the electrons are transported by way of the external circuit to generate direct current (DC) as output. At the interface with the cathode, a reaction is created with oxygen which led to the formation of water and development of heat, owing to the exothermic process [35]. The excess H 2 is fed back to the fuel tank through the outlet as shown in Figure 1, which may then be re-used by the FC.…”

Section: H → 4h + 4ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alkaline FCs employ the "alkaline" electrolyte, namely, potassium hydroxide (KOH), diluted in water and operate with pure hydrogen fuel, while pure oxygen serves as the oxidant [35,80]. In their operation, hydrogen fuel is supplied to the anode but oxygen is transported to the cathode.…”

Section: Alkaline Fuel Cell Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Alhassan et al [90], a single alkaline FC can achieve a voltage output of 0.5 to 0.9 V with an efficiency as high as 0.65 but this depends on the system design. Furthermore, alkaline FCs can deliver electrical output in the range of 5-150 kW [80], and newer systems may even be operated at temperatures lower than 70 • C [35]. This implies that they can operate within a wider range of temperatures [80].…”

Section: Alkaline Fuel Cell Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors focused on providing a review of FCs, history, types, advantages and challenges, developments, and different applications. The state of the art, technologies, and market positions of hydrogen and FC systems was discussed [34], while an overview of the stationary FCs was presented in [35]. The theory and types of fuels engaged both for mobile and stationary applications were discussed [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Fuel Cell Technologies and Applications for Sustainable Microgrid Systems

2020

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The shift from centralized to distributed generation and the need to address energy shortage and achieve the sustainability goals are among the important factors that drive increasing interests of governments, planners, and other relevant stakeholders in microgrid systems. Apart from the distributed renewable energy resources, fuel cells (FCs) are a clean, pollution-free, highly efficient, flexible, and promising energy resource for microgrid applications that need more attention in research and development terms. Furthermore, they can offer continuous operation and do not require recharging. This paper examines the exciting potential of FCs and their utilization in microgrid systems. It presents a comprehensive review of FCs, with emphasis on the developmental status of the different technologies, comparison of operational characteristics, and the prevailing techno-economic barriers to their progress and the future outlook. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the applications of the FC technologies in microgrid systems such as grid-integrated, grid-parallel, stand-alone, backup or emergency power, and direct current systems, including the FC control mechanisms and hybrid designs, and the technical challenges faced when employing FCs in microgrids based on recent developments. Microgrids can help to strengthen the existing power grid and are also suitable for mitigating the problem of energy poverty in remote locations. The paper is expected to provide useful insights into advancing research and developments in clean energy generation through microgrid systems based on FCs.

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Section: H → 4h + 4ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: H → 4h + 4ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alkaline Fuel Cell Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%