Drivers and risk factors for circulating African swine fever virus in Uganda, 2012–2013

Kabuuka, Tonny; Kasaija, Paul D.; Mulindwa, H.; Shittu, Aminu; Bastos, Armanda D.S.; Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.07.001

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Penrith and Vosloo reported that outbreaks of ASF in new areas of Africa have almost all been associated with movement of domestic pigs and pig products (Penrith and Vosloo 2009). In Uganda, several studies to characterize practices associated with the occurrence and spread of ASF identified the collection of pigs and pig products from farms (Kabuuka et al 2014), distribution of infected pork by traders , pig movements due to restocking and trade (Kalenzi Atuhaire et al 2013;Nantima et al 2015), free range movement of pigs on farms (Nantima et al 2015) and trade of live pigs and pig products (Tejler and Teijler 2012) as risk factors. These studies focused on pig farmers and their perception of trading and pig movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of pig trading networks and practices in Uganda

Atherstone

Galiwango²,

Grace

et al. 2018

Trop Anim Health Prod

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East Africa is undergoing rapid expansion of pig rearing, driven by increasing pork consumption. Introduction and expansion of pig production systems in this biodiverse landscape may create new risks, including zoonotic pathogen transmission. Historically, biosecurity measures have primarily been focused at farm level, ignoring the important function pig traders fulfill between farmers and consumers. This study interviewed pig traders operating at Uganda's only registered pork abattoir to describe their characteristics, business practices, biosecurity practices, and pig health management and reporting practices. All the traders were male, and nearly all (90.5%) relied on pig trading as their primary source of income. Most of the pigs brought for processing at the slaughterhouse were purchased from smallholder farms (87.3%). In addition, there was a significant difference in the high price paid per kilogram at farm gate by region (P = 0.005). High prices paid at farm gate were associated with holiday periods (P < 0.001), harvest season (P < 0.001), and drought (P < 0.001). Traders preferred buying live pigs from male farmers (88.9%) because they were considered the final decision makers and owned the pigs being sold. All pig traders were aware of clinical signs indicating a pig was sick. This study has provided baseline information on pig trader practices in Uganda. Improvements in local pork slaughterhouses and markets will benefit not only pig traders in accessing consistent customers but also individual pig farmers by increasing their market access. Finally, given their role as a link between farmers and consumers, traders would benefit from targeted inclusion in disease control and prevention strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of pig trading networks and practices in Uganda

Atherstone

Galiwango²,

Grace

et al. 2018

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…The maintenance and circulation of ASFV in domestic pigs largely or entirely in the absence of wild suid involvement is now known to occur in more than half of the countries where ASF is endemic (Penrith et al., ). A number of studies in different countries have identified a variety of risks ranging from failure to confine pigs to agents who travel from farm to farm to collect pigs, sometimes selling infected pigs and meat, all of which could be mitigated by the implementation of relatively simple biosecurity measures (Brown et al., ; Costard, Porphyre, et al., ; Dione et al., , ; Fasina, Agbaje, et al., ; Fasina, Lazarus, Spencer, Makinde, & Bastos, ; Kabuuka et al., ; Lichoti et al., ; Nantima et al., ; Penrith et al., , ). In rural areas where there is often extreme poverty swill feeding has a low risk, as there is usually little leftover food, with all parts of slaughtered or hunted animals being consumed by the people (E. Chenais, personal communication, 2017; M.L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

Penrith

Bastos

Etter

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

109

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African swine fever (ASF) is believed to have evolved in eastern and southern Africa in a sylvatic cycle between common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) and argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata complex that live in their burrows. The involvement of warthogs and possibly other wild suids in the maintenance of ASF virus means that the infection cannot be eradicated from Africa, but only prevented and controlled in domestic pig populations. Historically, outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs in Africa were almost invariably linked to the presence of warthogs, but subsequent investigations of the disease in pigs revealed the presence of another cycle involving domestic pigs and ticks, with a third cycle becoming apparent when the disease expanded into West Africa where the sylvatic cycle is not present. The increase in ASF outbreaks that has accompanied the exponential growth of the African pig population over the last three decades has heralded a shift in the epidemiology of ASF in Africa, and the growing importance of the pig husbandry and trade in the maintenance and spread of ASF. This review, which focuses on the ASF situation between 1989 and 2017, suggests a minor role for wild suids compared with the domestic cycle, driven by socio‐economic factors that determine the ability of producers to implement the control measures needed for better management of ASF in Africa.

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“…Pig keeping is widespread in Uganda and outbreaks have been reported annually (Tables and ). It is thought that most of the outbreaks are pig‐related, but that in some areas close to conservation areas involvement of warthogs or bushpigs may contribute (Chenais, Boqvist, Sternberg‐Lewerin, et al, ; Dione et al, ; Kabuuka et al, ; Kukielka et al, ; Ståhl et al, ). The domestic cycle that prevails on the border with western Kenya is probably widespread in Uganda, with a far larger pig population than Kenya and ASF reported from multiple districts (Atuhaire, Afayoa, Ochwo, Mwesigwa, Mwiine, et al, ; Atuhaire, Ochwo, et al, ; Dione et al, ; Kabuuka et al, ).…”

Section: History Current Status Transmission Cycles Recent Outbreamentioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever: Update on Eastern, Central and Southern Africa

Mulumba‐Mfumu

Saegerman

Dixon

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Control of African swine fever (ASF) in countries in Eastern, Central and SouthernAfrica (ECSA) is particularly complex owing to the presence of all three known epidemiological cycles of maintenance of the virus, namely an ancient sylvatic cycle involving the natural hosts and vectors of the disease as well as domestic cycles with and without involvement of natural vectors. While the situation is well documented in some of the countries, for others very little information is available. In spite of the unfavourable ASF situation, the pig population in the sub-region has grown exponentially in recent decades and is likely to continue to grow in response to rapid urban growth resulting in increasing demand for animal protein by populations that are no longer engaged in livestock production. Better management of ASF will be essential to permit the pig sector to reach its full potential as a supplier of high quality protein and a source of income to improve livelihoods and create wealth. No vaccine is currently available and it is likely that, in the near future, the sub-region will continue to rely on the implementation of preventive measures, based on the epidemiology of the disease, to avoid both the devastating losses that outbreaks can cause and the risk the sub-region poses to other parts of Africa and the world. The current situation in the ECSA sub-region is reviewed and gaps in knowledge are identified in order to support ongoing strategy development for managing ASF in endemic areas.

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Drivers and risk factors for circulating African swine fever virus in Uganda, 2012–2013

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of pig trading networks and practices in Uganda

Analysis of pig trading networks and practices in Uganda

Epidemiology of African swine fever in Africa today: Sylvatic cycle versus socio‐economic imperatives

African swine fever: Update on Eastern, Central and Southern Africa

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