Drivers and Consequences of Recurrent Conflicts between Farmers and Pastoralists in Kilosa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania

Abstract

Recurrent conflicts between farmers and pastoralists have brought significant impacts on both groups. In response to this situation, the government and other actors have taken several measures to mitigate such conflicts with little success. This paper examined drivers and consequences of recurrent conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Kilosa and Mvomero districts. Covering a sample size of 203 respondents, data was collected using interview, documentary review, and focus group discussions. Collected data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The findings revealed that weak governance structures associated with unethical behavior, regulatory deficiencies, socio-economic and environmental factors are responsible for the recurrence of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. Consequently, the recurrent conflicts have resulted into major socio-economic impact that includes loss of lives and properties to both farmers and pastoralists. Drawing from conflict and conflict resolution theories, which advocates use of coercive power and participatory approaches to restore peace, respectively; this paper conclude that no single strategy fits all conflicts given the complexity in which such conflicts occurs. In the light of the results this paper recommends that the effective way to address farmers-pastoralists conflicts; actors should use both lenses of coercive and participatory approaches and the choice of appropriate strategy will depends on the context since no single approach fits all types of conflicts...

Planning Interface for Social Service Delivery between Local Government Authorities and Corporates in Morogoro, Tanzania

“…The results are in line with Communicative Planning Theory, which emphasize that a planning process is inclusive when a broad range of stakeholders is involved to the planning process. In line to this argument other scholars have argued that inclusiveness is all about each stakeholder"s group having an appropriate role in the planning and or implementation process (Malcolm, 2017;Falanta and Bengesi, 2018).…”

“…Healy et al (2014) accentuate that in inclusiveness, people who are affected by the plan have the opportunity to be involved in the planning process. Including stakeholders to the planning for social service delivery creates a sense of ownership (Falanta and Bengesi, 2018;Litman, 2013).…”

“…This may result in duplication of social services which translate into wastage of resources because the company can direct resources to the social services in which the LGAs have already invested and vice versa. However, literature emphasizes that stakeholders should be involved to the planning process and understands how key decisions are arrived (Agba et al, 2013;Falanta & Bengesi, 2018;Muhamad et al, 2015).…”

A Review of the Causes of Land Use Conflicts Between Farmers and Pastoralists in Tanzania and a Proposal for Resolutions

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“…This has been experienced in Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam City where public open spaces have been invaded by powerful people in collaboration with government officials. In rural areas, land use conflicts have been occurred [12] when pastoralists tend to search for grazing land and water for cattle, drive their cattle into farmlands.…”